Goals and Strategies of the Civil Rights Movement Essay

African-American Civil Rights Movement Throughout the 1960’s, the widespread movement for African American civil rights had transformed in terms of its goals and strategies. The campaign had intensified in this decade, characterized by greater demands and more aggressive efforts. Although the support of the Civil Rights movement was relatively constant, the goals of the movement became more high-reaching and specific, and its strategies became less compromising. African Americans’ struggle for equality during the 1960’s was a relentless movement that used change for progress. In essence, the transformation of the Civil Rights Movement throughout the 1960’s forwarded the evolution of America into a nation of civil equality and freedom.†¦show more content†¦We want to see the cooperative concept applied in business and banking. We want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The excerpt reads further as a long dissertation of specific goals of the organization, which include black participation in government and economy, defiance against profiteers of slums, and the overall shift to a socialist America. In the socialist train of thought, society is invested in the integrity and economic participation of its people, and, therefore, blacks become almost invaluable to America. Here, each individual is seen as vital to the nation, because, if not, then the whole foundation of the socialist philosophy collapses. And so, it is implied in this document that a change for a new system of government in a new America is needed, which greatly contrasts from simply making people aware of a perfect world with guaranteed civil rights. Another significant transformation took place in the Civil Rights Movement in terms of its strategies. In analyzing this facet of the movement, we notice a great shift from nonviolent demonstration to forward, forceful action. Specifically, at the start of the Civil Rights Movement, lunch counter sit-ins were evident throughout the nation, as were Freedom Riders. Starting i n Greensboro, North Carolina at a luncheonette called Woolworths, young black citizens would seatShow MoreRelatedAnalyze the changes that occured during the 1960s in the goals, strategies, and support of the movement for African American civil rights1121 Words   |  5 Pagescourse of ultimate extinction. Much of the political battle in the 1850s focused on the expansion of slavery into the newly created territories. All of the organized territories were likely to become free-soil states, which increased the Southern movement toward secession. Both North and South assumed that if slavery could not expand it would wither and die. Southerners feared of losing control of the federal government to antislavery forces, and Northern fears that the slave power alreadyRead MoreSocial Change During The Civil Rights Movement1239 Words   |  5 Pagesequality in the Civil Rights Movements.The Native Americans, Latinos, African Americans, and Asian Americans had to participate in the Civil Rights Movements in order to prevent their cultures from being taken away. Equal pay, equal education, and different types of natural born rights are still being addressed today, and overtime advocacy groups have been working to achieve equal rights.â€Å"We are confronted primarily with a moral issue†¦ whether all Americans are to be afforded equal rights and equal opportunitiesRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s974 Words   |  4 Pagesthe goal of the Civil Rights Movement, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., was to end legal segregation and to integrate society. His strategy to achieve these goals was no n-violent protest. By the end of the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement moved from integration to black separatism, and the strategy of the movement changed from non-violent methods to a militant style of protest. This change in strategy had a deep impact in the opinions and support of white people for the Civil Rights Movement. Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And African Americans1048 Words   |  5 Pages1940s-1960s, America laid the groundwork for civil rights, a movement through which minorities fought for equal opportunity. Groups that previously had been submerged or subordinate began more forcefully and successfully to defend themselves. The civil rights movement inspired African Americans, Native Americans, women, queers, and Latinos to fight for equality. Thesis : Although each social group faced their own unique challenges during the civil rights movement, each group shared a common connectionRead MoreBlack Civil Rights and Feminist Rights Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the twentieth century, both the Civil Rights and the Women’s Rights movements had a comparable ambition in mind. They both wanted to gain the rights and opportunities that others had. In this research paper my goal is to compare and contrast both movements and how they went about chasing each of their goals, and at the same time express some of my viewpoints. The Black Civil Rights was a movement that began right when â€Å"Reconstruction† ended in the late 1870’s which granted all AmericansRead MoreSuccess of Black Americans In The Civil Right Period Of 1950 - 1970960 Words   |  4 Pagestheir level of civil rights. Therefore, it is logical to say that they were at least partly successful in achieving their civil rights. This was accomplished through a variety of ways, two commonly used techniques being legal strategies and non-violent direct action. However, because they were unable to attain complete equality, there must have been factors that worked against the civil rights movement. One of these factors was the use of violence as a means of protest. Legal strategies contributedRead MoreMartin Luther King Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesturned prominent Civil Rights Movement leader that campaigned for the progression of civil rights in America. In his 13 years of leadership, he and his associates achieved more in attaining racial equality for the African-American population than the combined efforts of activists 350 years prior, through protests, grassroot organising and civil disobedience to achieve their goal of ending racial segregation. During his leadership, five notable legislations were passed: ‘The Civil Rights Act’ (1964),Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pages the goals, strategies, and support of the movement for African American civil rights. Many strides were made for racial equality in the United States. However, while changes were made, they did take a considerable amount of time to achieve. This made some leaders of the civil rights movement frustrated and caused them to divert from their original goal of integration. They instead strove for black separatism where blacks and whites would live segregated. The civil rights Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in the United States1401 Words   |  6 PagesSocial movements are one of the primary means through which the public is able to collectively express their concerns about the rights and wellbeing of themselves and others. Under the proper conditions, social movements not only shed light on issues and open large scale public discourse, but they can also serve as a means of eliciting expedited societal change and progress. Due to their potential impact, studying the characteristics of both failed and successful social movements is important inRead MoreProtest Movement Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesProtest Marches in 1960s Civil Rights Movement as A Nonviolent Tactic. We will show around the world that it is a lie that rulers have said black people are satisfied with the present situation (Electronic Journal, 2007, para. 3). This is the part of what Martin Luther King, Jr. said to exp lain how his nonviolent tactics work for acquiring civil rights of African Americans. In fact, nonviolent tactics contributed to several progresses of the civil rights movement, though it unfortunately shifted

Impact Of Age And Wealth On Respect And Greed - 1525 Words

What is the impact of Age and Wealth on Respect and Greed? – Impact of Norm and Value Some may describe age as a number however, age is a term that is generally a representation of the amount of experiences a person has had throughout their lives and an older person is therefore termed as older because of the number of experiences they have had. Same is the case with wealth. People may have different definitions of wealth like a person who has achieved what he/she aimed to may be termed as wealth of that person. A few individuals may define it in non-monetary terms like family might be their wealth. But universally, it refers to the amount of money a person has earned till date and we shall go by this definition throughout the study†¦show more content†¦Moreover, a lot of young individuals are given a lot of respect as well mostly on the basis of their achievements. So the question is, â€Å"is respect a given with increasing age?† I personally think that yes, because of the societal norms and the value that we seek to give to individuals who are older , respect is inherent rather than real. It is at times because of their experience and stature that they are advised, suggested and in a lot of cases forced to be respected (Review of Income and Wealth, 2013). Considering wealth, I think respect comes itself with wealth which is not always fake or a given because a wealthy person is respect for the hard work or talent that he/she has owing to which they are able to be wealthy enough to be respected. Also, I think that greed is highly likely a trap in which wealthy individuals would fall because of the luxurious attractions that wealth brings with itself. Thus, people want to keep increasing it so that they can take advantages of the luxuries that start becoming part of their lives and they constantly want to grow or multiply the sums. However, it needs to be kept in mind that right now I am referring to wealth being earned from the right means and ways. If wealth is earned through illegal, unlawful or unethical means than that wealth is not respected. For example, a lot of smugglers or drug dealers end up being very wealthy and famous but they are not respected by the majority which is why it is veryShow MoreRelatedImperial Expansion : Con quer Or Be Conquered1212 Words   |  5 PagesLindsay Bovshow HIST 108 David Elliott 10/27/14 Imperial Expansion: Conquer or Be Conquered Upon the advent of the Industrial Revolution, European states shifted toward increased stability after years of internal conflict. With wealth, technology, and Nationalism, the age of imperialism commenced and western expansion yielded tremendous prosperity. While some criticized imperialism for its negligible morality, no one could deny the positive outcome for the West. Numerous selections from DocumentsRead MoreExcessive Television Viewing Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesrelates to the effects of exposure to violent content in programming. Children who view programmes where violence is very realistic, frequently repeated or left unpunished, are more likely to imitate what they observe on television. The impact of television violence may be immediately evident in a childs behaviour or it may surface years later. Children who spend their time alone will learn behaviour from television, which is considered to be acceptable. Several studies have Read MoreLife of Karl Marx Essays1493 Words   |  6 Pages Henrietta, was of Dutch decent. His parents goal was to provide a family life that would foster an environment conducive to the development of their children. His father hoped Karl would make a profound impact on the world. If he had only known how profound that impact would be. Marxs radical political ideas can be traced back to his high school years (1830-35). Several of his teachers and fellow students were engaged in quite liberal thinking. Marx wrote a Read MoreAnalysis Of Bernie Madoff s The Wall Street Firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities908 Words   |  4 Pages5 percent of the trading volume on the New York Stock Exchange. (insert citation here). The firm was one of the top market maker businesses on Wall Street.On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars. He was found out as such: The day before, the investor informed his sons that he planned to give out several millionRead MoreHow is Literature Useful in the 21st Century?1254 Words   |  5 Pageswithout actually reading literature. Sure, students are frequently exposed to literature, but do they actually engage critically with it? Do they even know how to read it? Do they understand it? Answers to these questions, as well as others, ultimately impact how one answers the initial question: how is literature useful in the 21st Century? The brief point to be made here is that literature is only useful so far as its understood and appreciated. Assuming one satisfies both criteria then there is noRead MoreSummary Of Happy People 1721 Words   |  7 Pagesthat compared to other countries they are truly a product of their own environment. The norms in the documentary is how the trappers should behave when it comes to the impending season and not set the traps to early because it affects everyone. I respect their way of life because it has been this way for a while and this is something I am sure that I could not do which is cultural relativism. What the trappers truly value is taking care of their loved ones, looking out after trappers, and the animalsRead MoreHow Do The Setting And Characters Of Balzac s Old Man Goriot?1448 Words   |  6 Pagestreats the guests at the house further portrays the impact of power and money in society. Guests who are able to splurge more money on their accommodation have rooms closer to the ground floor and rooms which are much more comfortable where as guests who cannot afford as much are moved up the building to the less attractive lodgings. Similarly, the change in fortune faced by Goriot is symbolised by his position in the building’s accommodations. As he ages and his fortune dwindles he is moved further andRead MoreHomer s Iliad : A Wealth Of Contradiction And Manipulation1612 Words   |  7 PagesILIAD Homer’s Iliad is a wealth of contradiction and manipulation. The epic tale serves as a lesson in human nature and desire. It follows the journey of those involved in the Trojan War. Homer paints the arrogance and humility of man and God in the same manner. This concept is best illustrated through the many speeches found in the epic poem. Time and again, the cast of characters drive home their own desires and beliefs. Each individual is imploring their compatriots and enemies toward their desiredRead MoreEssay on Oprah Winfrey: Most Influential Woman in America1528 Words   |  7 Pagesunmarried woman with a history of enslaved ancestors. It is clear that Oprah was not in the greatest financial situation as a child, and because of this, she feels empathy towards people in similar conditions. Although Oprah does use a portion of her wealth to support her lavish lifestyle, a large majority of the money she earns goes directly to several organizations whose goals include improvin g housing conditions, providing education, sanitizing water, and several other necessities that not everyoneRead MoreLeadership Related Title. By Julien P Lewis. Embry-Riddle1487 Words   |  6 Pagesillustrate this point of a moral leader compared in comparison to a corrupt one. The CEO and founder of the e-commerce giant Amazon.com, Jeff Bezos, compared to the infamous former CEO of Enron, Ken Lay, is a perfect example. Prior to comparing two modern age leaders to determine which was great and which was corrupt, it is necessary to determine what defines a company’s leader as great. While a substantial profit margin is a good way to measure success, it is not the key to succeeding long term. To succeed

The Sherwin-Williams Co. Free Essays

The Sherwin-Williams Company Sherwin Williams is the largest manufacturer of paint products in the U. S. It is the most famous painting company in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sherwin-Williams Co. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Company owns more than 34 factories and 3,200 of their own branded stores, that is why it is considered the largest chain stores in the world of colors. The American company Sherwin-Williams was founded in 1866. Since its establishment, the company made a bid for new technology and innovation. 11 years after its founding in 1877, Sherwin-Williams Company has produced a revolution in the coatings industry, it has patented the manufacture of paint in an airtight jar. Since then the company is a leader in the development of new high-quality coatings based on the latest technologies and unique designs (Sherwin-Williams, 2011). Today, the Company Sherwin-Williams is the largest manufacturer of paint products in the U. S. , it is the most famous brand of paint in America, it is a transnational corporation with a turnover of 8. 02 billion dollars in 2007. Sherwin Williams Paints, known as ones of the highest quality, and therefore they are used for painting historic buildings and landmark buildings. The superiority of Sherwin Williams, among other companies is leadership of its paints in the global market thanks to new technologies, environmental production and exclusive content. Sherwin Williams Company’s products meet the highest standards, and especially the line with the brand GreenSure (Hoffman et al. 2010). There are the main features of paints of the company Sherwin Williams. Firstly, paints of this company are not sprayed. Secondly, when applying them to the surface they create smooth surface in the drying process. This is especially evident in comparison with the PVA-based paint or acrylic paint. Thirdly, paints of the company Sherwin Williams are aesthetic and efficient to use. Many of the Sherwin Williams paints can cover the surface with a single fold. This is due to different kinds of primers for different surfaces. The density of the substrate depends on both the paint and the shade. Therefore, Sherwin Williams paints save costs. Sherwin-Williams has and manages more than 2,000 retail trade in its possession. 50% of all its products come from enterprises, the shares of which belong to the corporation. In order to assess the company’s risk it is important to understand that risk is the possibility of adverse situations during the implementation of plans and use of the company’s budget (Doole Lowe, 2008). The financial risk is the risk of adverse financial consequences in the form of loss of income and capital under uncertainty conditions of its financial activities. Commercial risk, in turn, is the non-realization of purchased goods, failure to price changes, loss of goods, the excess costs of treatment (Allen, 2010). At the present stage one of the main types of financial risks of the enterprise include (Adam, 2008): †¢ Risk reduction of financial stability. This risk is generated by imperfections in the capital structure, generating an imbalance of positive and negative cash flows of the company by volume. As part of the financial risks of the hazard (generated by the threat of bankruptcy), this risk has played a leading role. †¢ The risk of insolvency of the company. This risk reduction is generated by the liquidity of current assets, generating an imbalance of positive and negative cash flows of the company over time. In terms of financial impact this risk is also one of the most dangerous. †¢ Investment risk. It characterizes the possibility of financial losses in the investment activities of the enterprise. †¢ Inflation risk. In an inflationary economy, it stands out as a separate type of financial risks. This type of risk is characterized by the possibility of depreciation of the real cost of capital (in the form of financial assets of the enterprise) as well as the expected income from financial transactions in an inflationary environment. This type of risk under current conditions is permanent and is accompanied by virtually all financial enterprises. Interest rate risk. It is an unexpected change in interest rates in financial markets (both deposit and lending). The cause of this type of financial risk is the change in financial market conditions under the impact of government regulation, growth or decline offers of free cash resources and other factors. Negative financial conseque nces of this type of risk can be observed in the emission of the company in its dividend policy, in short-term investments and other financial transactions. †¢ The credit risk. It takes place in the financial activities of the enterprise in the provision of commodity or consumer loan customers. Its forms is a risk of nonpayment or late payment for a loan now tempered finished products, as well as the excess of the estimated budget for debt collection. †¢ Tax risk. This kind of financial risk has several implications: the likelihood of introducing new types of taxes and duties to carry out certain aspects of economic activity, the ability to increase the rates of existing taxes and fees; change the terms and conditions of certain tax payments, the probability abolish existing tax breaks in the field of business enterprise. It has a significant impact on financial performance. †¢ Structural risk. This type of risk is generated by inefficient financing the current costs of the enterprise that contributes to the high proportion of fixed costs in their total amount. High operating leverage ratio under adverse conditions of the commodity market developments and lower gross positive cash flow from operating activities generated a significantly higher rate of decline in the amount of net cash flow for this activity (Sandhusen, 2000; Lasher, 2010). Sherwin-Williams uses long-term debts that directly impact its bonds rating. This estimation has a significant role for the company’s development since it reflects the position of the company in the market. Moreover, the company has the obligations towards clients and investors and that is why it has to pay attention to the assessed rating of its obligations (McDonald Mouncey, 2011). Works Cited Adam, Alexandre. Handbook of asset and liability management: from models to optimal return strategies. John Wiley and Sons, 2008. Allen, Judy. Marketing Your Event Planning Business: A Creative Approach to Gaining the Competitive Edge. John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Doole, Isobel Lowe, Robin. International marketing strategy: analysis, development and implementation. Cengage Learning EMEA, 5th ed. , 2008. Hoffman, Andrew et al. Sherwin Williams: Splashing Into the Low VOC Paint Market. William Davidson Institute At The University of Michigan, The, 2010. Lasher, William. Practical Financial Management. Cengage Learning, 6th ed. , 2010. McDonald, Malcolm Mouncey, Peter. Marketing Accountability: A New Metrics Model to Measure Marketing Effectiveness. Kogan Page Publishers, 2011. Ogden, James Rarick, Scott. The Entrepreneur’s Guide to Advertising. ABC-CLIO, 2009. Sandhusen, Richard. Marketing. Barron’s Educational Series, 3rd ed. , 2000. Sherwin-Williams. History of Sherwin-Williams. 2011. Web Nov. 25, 2011. Standard Poor’s. The Standard Poor’s 500 Guide. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. US Fire Administration. Sherwin-Williams Paint Warehouse Fire; Dayton, Ohio. FEMA. How to cite The Sherwin-Williams Co., Papers

Organization Communication and Culture †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organization Communication Culture. Answer: Critical analysis: Defining organizational communication and organizational culture: Organizational communication: Organizational communication can be defined as a medium through which different interrelated personnel communicates to each other the different kinds of important things that can be regarding anything like discussing the financial data or a strategic problem (Al-Shammari and Musharraf 2014). Such communication can be mainly through the two identified forms such as the verbal and the non-verbal. For a verbal communication, a meeting can be arranged for discussing the important organizational related matter. For a non-verbal communication, there can be several ways like the official emails, the group chats, and the social media platforms such as the LinkedIn and the Twitter (Al-Shammari and Musharraf 2014). Organizational culture: Organizational culture can be defined as a set of thought process that is formed from a collective effort of the employees and the other professionals (Chang and Lin 2015). Organizational culture affects the strategic decision-making process. Nevertheless, it also affects the teams that work for the organization and their nature of working. The innovation which has become an integral part of the contemporary organization can only be produced if its employees have the relevant culture in them (Hogan and Coote 2014). Challenges: Organizational communication This can have the following challenges: Language barrier: This is a major challenge especially in cases of business operating at the offshore sites. In the offshore sites, companies will need to recruit many applicants from the local country. Such scenario will create a communication gap between the local and the foreign language (Naranjo-Valencia, Jimnez-Jimnez and Sanz-Valle 2016). Nevertheless, language gap can sometimes become a reason for no communication as both the sender and the receiver may not be aware of each others messages. Technical errors: Such errors will hamper the non-verbal communication which is usually managed through the mails. In such cases, important discussions may also get hampered. Technical errors may also hamper the social media chats on the different social media platforms like the LinkedIn and the Twitter (Naranjo-Valencia, Jimnez-Jimnez and Sanz-Valle 2016). Irresponsible work: This is one of the challenges because few of the professional might sometimes become careless while sending the emails or responding to it. This is and others like such will create an unwanted communication gap which may cause several failures like an approval process may get delayed. This may appear like very small errors; however, this may also affect the project and may also delay its completion (Naranjo-Valencia, Jimnez-Jimnez and Sanz-Valle 2016). Organizational culture There can be some challenges as well like the followings: Innovation may be hampered: Innovation has become a competency skill which is largely driven by the organizational culture. Organizational culture supports the innovation when it has the effective leaders, the committed professionals and the strategic capabilities (Hogan and Coote 2014). Cultural conflicts: This can be majorly viewed when a business operates at some offshore locations. In such locations, it will face the challenge to identify the different cultures that exist there. Such knowledge will be required at the time of recruitment to understand the nature of applicants in the offshore locations. In such circumstances, cultural conflicts are also expected which then will become an added challenge for thehuman resource management (Chang and Lin 2015). Cultural conflicts are expected as such organization will have employees with different work nature. There is expected a clash of thoughts among the Millennials, the older employees, the offshore employees and the others. Motivation may be hampered: If there are cultural conflicts at the organizational level, this may also contribute to the loss of motivation in few others. Employees, in particular, the Millennials need a very healthy and friendly working environment (Chang and Lin 2015). If it is the case that they do not get the same, they might feel like looking for better options where the workplace environment is much better. Conclusion: To conclude, it is indeed necessary to maintain a very healthy organizational communication. Such state can be attained if few steps are applied to the organizational practices. Promoting the ideas of each of the employee will be one of those few steps that might play a very handful role in ensuring a very healthy communication in the organization. A two-way communication may also be welcomed. The traditional one-way communication is now outdated. There is a need to involve employee as well in the communication to make them feel they are the valuable assets to the organization. Training employees on the different cultures will help to create a uniform working environment where employees will feel connected to each other. Making investments in some perks will also do the thing. Perks may include like the company happy hour, free snacks, wellness program and other perks. Some other perks can also be considered which simply depend on the respective management. Reflection: The research study that I have conducted on the two chosen topics such as the organizational culture and the organizational communication has helped me to understand the role I should pursue for a bright professional career in future. The research works and some of the events of experience in my present career as a software developer have drawn my concerns towards the two chosen topics. One of the first events that have happened was because of the language barrier which I faced while being in abroad in the offshore branch of my company. I was in the United Kingdom. I can also speak good English; however, I was not aware of the accent that the people living in UK use. I had to concentrate much to understand a very few of the number of sentences spoken from one of the professionals in the offshore branch. However, I had been able to understand a very few of all the sentences. This did not only make me feel bad but it had also hampered some of my important meetings. Consequently, I had to search hard for someone who from my native country who also understands the UK accent. I had indeed got the one and that made my job a little easier. The event has made me realized that it is very important to mitigate the challenge of a language barrier. Another event has had happened in the same tour when I have to face the cultural barrier. I am from a different culture than it is in the offshore branch in British. I am little unprofessional in characteristic. I love to enjoy while being at the workplace. I do not believe in taking things seriously. Hence, my supervisors in the offshore location had a different view on my nature. My supervisor had also asked me to change my work nature as professionalism is highly maintained in the organization. At that point in time, I found this challenging as it looked impossible to me to change things in no time. However, once I returned from there I have realized that I must change my nature of work in order to stay competitive in the organization. I had decided since then that I must rectify the weaknesses that I have. The purpose was well being served from Gibb's Reflective Cycle. Gibbs Reflective Cycle has helped me to evaluate my feeling and which is why I have been able to identify the few relevant actions that could help me to improve my professional career. I was able to evaluate that few actions are immensely required in order to reduce the language and the cultural barrier while working in the offshore location. The model has also helped me to conclude that there are some serious flaws in me which may affect my future as a successful professional. Nevertheless, the model has encouraged me to go for some ways that could be productive. Some of such ways will be following the ways the British celebrities deliver their communication. The Gibbs reflective Cycle has finally helped me to reach to the action taking stage where I have decided to do few things which I had never considered before. Since then, I am busy learning the British accent, so that, similar struggles are not repeated when I am in the offshore branch. I have found one of my colleagues with whom I maintain a regular voice chat twice in a week. This is proving to be helpful. Additionally, I am also going through the videos of British celebrities like how they communicate. The videos are also making me understood the way they speak to each other. Apart from watching the celebrities, I have also started to watch few British movies to effectively understand the way of communication. The movies are also proving to be helpful as well. To conclude, this can be said that riding on the Gibbs Reflective Cycle I will be able to develop the skills which I have identified important for a better professional career at the international level. Few actions that I have also discussed in the study will probably be the sufficient guidance for me. References: Al-Shammari, M. and Musharraf, H., 2014. The relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing in a GCC company. InInformation and Knowledge Management(Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 107-112). Bassot, B., 2016.The reflective journal. Palgrave Macmillan. Chang, C.L.H. and Lin, T.C., 2015. The role of organizational culture in the knowledge management process.Journal of Knowledge management,19(3), pp.433-455. Hogan, S.J. and Coote, L.V., 2014. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1609-1621. Naranjo-Valencia, J.C., Jimnez-Jimnez, D. and Sanz-Valle, R., 2016. Studying the links between organizational culture, innovation, and performance in Spanish companies.Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologa,48(1), pp.30-41.

AP Biology Scores - Learn What You Need for College

AP Biology Scores - Learn What You Need for College Biology is the most popular of the Advanced Placement natural science subjects, and over a quarter million students take the AP Biology exam every year. The great majority of colleges will offer course credit for an exam score of a 4 or 5, although there are a few highly selective schools that do not award either credit or course placement. About the AP Biology Course and Exam The AP Biology is a lab science course, and at least 25 percent of class time will be spent conducting hands-on laboratory learning. Along with important terminology and biological principles, the course covers inquiry and reasoning skills that are central to the sciences. The course is organized around four central ideas that are essential for understanding living organisms and biological system: Evolution. Students must understand the various processes that drive genetic change.Cellular Processes: Energy and Communication. This element of the course focuses on the ways that living systems capture energy and use feedback loops with their external environments.Genetics and Information Transfer. Students learn about sexual and asexual reproduction and the ways in which genetic information is transmitted to offspring.Interactions. From the cellular level to populations to entire ecosystems, biological systems rely upon various types of interactions. Students learn about both competition and cooperation. AP Biology Score Information In 2018, 259,663 students took the AP Biology exam, and the mean score was 2.87.  159,733 (61.5%) of those students scored a 3 or higher indicating that they have proven a level of competency to potentially earn college credit.   The distribution of scores for the AP Biology exam is as follows: AP Biology Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 18,594 7.2 4 55,964 21.6 3 85,175 32.8 2 73,544 28.3 1 26,386 10.2 :Unlike the SAT or ACT, reporting AP test scores to colleges is typically optional, so a score of 1 or 2 wont necessarily hurt your college chances if you earned good grades in the class. College Credit and Course Placement for AP Biology Most colleges and universities have a science and lab requirement, so a high score on the AP Biology exam will sometimes fulfill this requirement. The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general overview of the scoring and placement practices related to the AP Biology exam. For other schools, youll need to explore the college website or contact the appropriate Registrars office to get AP placement information. Sample AP Biology Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 5 BIOL 1510 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; no placement Hamilton College 4 or 5 1 credit after completing a course beyond BIO 110 LSU 3, 4 or 5 BIOL 1201, 1202 (6 credits) for a 3; BIOL 1201, 1202, 1208, 1209 (8 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT - no credit or placement for AP Biology Mississippi State University 4 or 5 BIO 1123 (3 credits) for a 4; BIO 1123 and BIO 1023 (6 credits) for a 5 Notre Dame 4 or 5 Biological Sciences 10101 (3 credits) for a 4; Biological Sciences 10098 and 10099 (8 credits) for a 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University - No credit for AP Biology Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 BIOL 100 Biology (4 credits) for a 3; BIOL 107 Introductory Biology I (4 credits) for a 4 or 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits; no placement Yale University 5 1 credit; MCDB 105a or b, 107a, 109b, or 120a As you can see, some highly selective schools such as UCLA and Grinnell provide elective credits but no placement for a strong AP Biology score. Stanford and MIT have even less confidence in the course and exam, and those schools offer no credit or placement.   A Final Word About AP Biology AP Biology can be an excellent choice for students who are planning a pre-health or pre-vet track in college. This are typically rigorous and structured academic paths, so placing out of a course gives you valuable flexibility in your college schedule. And, of course, youll be entering college with some college-level biology under your belt. AP Chemistry and AP Calculus can also be valuable for students planning to major in STEM fields. Whatever you plan to study in college, taking Advanced Placement classes strengthen your college applications.  A strong academic record is the most important piece of the admissions equation, and success in challenging college-preparatory classes such as Advanced Placement is one of the most meaningful ways that a college can predict your college preparedness.

Virtual Controversies essays

Virtual Controversies essays It was once forcasted that computers in the future would weigh no more than 1.5 tons. Of course, in todays technologically savvy times, its a common occurrence to see people holding their computers in their lap, or even in their hand. Theres no doubt about it: the computer already plays an important role in our lives and that role is likely to expand as more advancements are made. However, new innovations mean new controversies. The Internet, for example, has transformed the way people communicate, conduct business, learn, and entertain themselves. With a simple click of the mouse key, one can do things that were thought science fiction just a few decades ago. For all the benefits associated with the Internet, the presence of pornography, hate groups, and other distasteful topics has lead to a nationwide debate on first amendment rights and censorship. The goal for the Internet should not be total freedom for unsavory groups to deliver their message to whomever they can, but a balance between the freedom of those who want this material and the freedom of those who When President Clinton signed the Communication Decency Act into law on February 8, 1996, he effectively approved the largest alteration of national communication laws in 62 years. In order to elicit a response from web creators who published indecent sites, the bill instituted criminal penalties. However, the emphasis in the bill was on decency and not obscenity- which had long been established as the method to determine what was supported by the first amendment and what was not. The CDA was eventually overthrown in Reno vs. ACLU because of the unconstitutionality vague wording and the noted importance in keeping the Internet a hospital arena for free expression and speech. In 1998, another piece of legislation was approved called the Child Online Protection Act, or ...

What will be the hot jobs in the next decade Research Paper

What will be the hot jobs in the next decade - Research Paper Example Consider the typesetter: the printing press has been around since the mid-1400s, and the people who knew how to work these types of machines enjoyed steady employment until the 1990s when desktop publishing came around. Thus the concept of â€Å"hot jobs†, which is used to describe the best selling jobs in the near future, is not only misleading but also difficult to define. Indeed, predicting the jobs or skills that will be in demand in the future is as tricky as is challenging. Fortunately, information abounds on the internet, literature and from career counselors that enable one to make a good-to-excellent choice. The richest source of job information is the United States Labor Department's 10-year forecast for demand, pay and competition for more than 300 jobs in 45 categories (Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor). The department's latest biannual compilation, published last month as the "Occupational Outlook Handbook," is great for sizing up the long-term outlook for most fields. The forecasts have often been prescient—accurately predicting this decade's fast growth in special-education teaching jobs and the widening range of hot health-care careers (Farr and Shatkin, Best Jobs for Your Personality 1; Farr and Shatkin, Best Jobs Without a Four-Year Degree 7; Farr and Shatkin 3). As helpful as the information in these sources may be, predicting the hot jobs for the next decade is still as daunting task. This is more so given that unquantifiable factors such as location, the people you are work with, work condition, and opportunities for growth are very important in job selection. In fact a recent survey by Nature in determining the factors that influence job satisfaction among scientist shows that money is not all that matter (Russo 1106). Indeed, the survey reveals that the â€Å"Degree of independence† at the place of work matters to scientist more than salary. Thus the concept of hot jobs based strictly on quantifiab le parameters such as pay, employment outlook, and job openings may not work for all people (Smaglik 131). However, there is still room for generality. So the question is: generally speaking, what are the hot jobs of the next decade? Are these jobs really â€Å"hot†? This article is an attempt to answer this question. Discussion As unpredictable as the labor market is, figures from the United States Department of Labor can guide us in predicting the hot jobs of the next decade. In the coming decade, engineering, already known for paying college graduates some of the highest starting salaries, is expected to offer the fastest-growing area: biomedical engineering (Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor). A job in this field, which centers on developing and testing health-care innovations such as artificial organs or imaging systems, are expected to grow by 72% and offers an annual median salary of $115,270 (Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor). Th is is closely followed by network systems and data communications analysts with a projected growth rate of 53.36% and an annual median salary of $112, 000. In fact, Farr and Shatkin (2010) ranked network systems and data communication analytes higher than biomedical engineering given that the network systems and data communication analytes has more annual job openings than biomedical engineering (Farr and Shatkin). Network systems and data analytes perform a number of tasks in relation to data communications systems, like the Internet, including designing, analyzing, testing, and assessing systems and their performance. Analysts might also supervise computer programmers and work as specialists who handle the interfacing of computers and communications

Entrepreneurship and small business development for the hospitality Essay

Entrepreneurship and small business development for the hospitality and tourism industry - Essay Example Here we need to understand the change in the Chinese economy. The capitalist economy has undergone a paradigm shift and has opened its economy to the international market. This has changed the way the entrepreneurs look at their business. They have become more competitive in the global market and are keen in expanding their spread across the international market. China also has a huge pool of natural resources, with excellent options for the travel and tourism industry. Hence, China has a deep rooted heritage with the wisdom of the new world economy, and this combination has generated huge revenues for the Chinese economy. The small businesses are making breakthroughs in their own domains. Their businesses have received great support not only from the government but also from the local people and the society at large. The education and industrial development is also a key factor in this growth. The quality of education and the business ideas have made great breakthroughs in making the small business successful. This is satisfying the requirements of the national and the global economy at equal ease. When we discuss about the business strategies, we need to keep in mind the internationalization of the Chinese economy and its growth in the past decade. We need to understand that with internationalization comes a brand image, and higher expectations. The other countries will expect China and its entrepreneurs to be competitive, efficient and cost effective, while providing excellent customer service. And being in the service industry the entrepreneurs in the hospital and tourism industry has direct interaction wit the foreign nationals, who not only take back their experience but also act as a viral advertisement for these businesses. At this juncture, these small entrepreneurs face the language barrier and communication difference while attending the foreign nationals. But this can now be countered by employing young graduates, fluent in foreign languages

Studying abroad or in home country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Studying abroad or in home country - Essay Example Studying abroad someone is in a position to take advantage of multiple programs such as scholarships and to become better members of society as they are able to relate better with the different ethnic and cultural worldviews. Students studying abroad are able to experience new cultures. There is no better way of finding out about another culture than immersing oneself in it and studying in another country offers students that opportunity. Once one is working, holidays and experiences overseas may be limited to a short time but school offers a long enough period to gain different cultural experiences while acquiring new skills. Students studying in their home country only get to experience that of their own and miss out on how different experiences broaden one’s mind. Students studying abroad are able to make friends from different parts of the world and this gives them international connections to get jobs and funds in case they are interested in starting charitable organizations back in their home countries. There is likelihood that the universities chosen have students from the localities as well as others from all over the globe. A student who takes this to their advantage can graduate having established many lasting friendships with people from different backgrounds that can be great for networking and even future trips. The feeling of being internationally connected is a dream of many people around the globe and the best way possible to achieve this is through studying abroad. Being a part of an internationally diverse community even academic wise can enhance the quality of learning by providing a wide spectrum of opinions and expertise. Key job skills such as adaptability, global understanding and opinions, tolerance and leadership as well as independence are directly learnt by learning and living abroad. The job market today is highly competitive and it is likely to continue to so be and so students have to

Drum And Bass History In Context Film Studies Essay

Drum And Bass History In Context Film Studies Essay Drum and Bass is an electronic music genre that that developed out of Jungle music. A shift of UK Breakbeat Hardcore and the rave scene of the mid-1990s. Drum and Bass has seen many transformations in its style, taking elements from, Hip hop, dancehall, funk, house, and techno. The genre is characterized by heavy bass and sub basslines as well as fast Breakbeats (a sampling of a percussion section as a drum loop), usually played between 160 and 180 beats per minute.The most renown break is known as the Amen break, a four bar sampled drum solo of the song Amen Brother by funk and soul band The Winstons. It has been extensively used in Hip hop as well as sampled based music and also became the basis for Drum and Bass and Jungle music. Drum and Bass was seen to have a more melodic form, differing from the rough style of Jungle. While Jungle seared to the unyielding sonic boom of Ragga another style was gently maturing behind closed studio doors. A soft more textural form of the Jungle equation which cross- matched spliced breaks with an ethereal ambience, cool jazziness and soulful twists. The complete antithesis to the jump up sonics of the rugged and raw Junglist soundtrack, this new home listening version or Drum and Bass as it was simply referred to by artists involved. However promoters and journalists soon added the word, ambient or intelligent to the depiction. The insinuations of the intelligent label caused ramifications throughout the scene. With Junglists arguing that the name implied that the jump up style of jungle was in some way brainless music for dim-witted people. It also had racial implications since the majority of jungle raves were largely dominated by black youths. However this new genre was t hought to be targeted towards a more middle class white audience. Ironically Drum n Bass was simply trying to keep the original ethos of jungle. Concerned with pushing the parameters of sound while engaging influences from the entire spectrum of music, Drum n Bass represented the very spirit of jungle since its earliest house incarnations.  [1]   Drum and Bass development of Breakbeat can be seen as far back as 1991. As T-Power has already suggested, Drum n Bass and Jungle were developing side by sideall along, although very much in the minority, the more mellow style of Drum n Bass was showing itself even during the Dark period.  [2]   One of the better known DJs to explore this development was L. T. J. Bukem. Alongside Fabio and Grooverider Bukem is known as one of the pioneering DJs of the rave scene. His tastes can be traced as far back as the jazzier endeavours of Giles Petersons Dingwall sessions. However by the time rave had hit Bukem was Djing a rare selection of Jazz Funk and prime House tracks to a growing mass of fans. In 1991 Bukem released his 3rd LP Demons Theme pressing up a dub plate to drop in his set; the track gripped the attention of the crowd immediately. Its mellowing vibes along with the rushing breaks and plush ambience created a fresh outlook within the dark ambience of rave. Early 1994 saw a tirade of people coming together to join forces with Bukem. Artists such as La Bello Blanco and Omni Trio began push forward the smooth vibes as established by Bukem. This more ambient style seemed equally at home in clubs as it did on a personal stereo. One of the scenes most influential labels came in the shape of Reinforced Records. Formed by Iain Barouille, Dego McFarlane, Gus Lawrence and Mark Clair who also created music as a collective under the name 4Hero, the label brought about a new level of sound. Boasting a roster of the scenes most influential figures Lemon D, Doc Scott, Goldie, L Double and Grooverider, together they fashioned a collection of tracks which would range from the other-worldly contortions of Peshays Protà ©gà © to the fractured Breakbeats of Doc Scotts Last Action hero.  [3]  Reinforceds approach to music resulted in a continuous ability to predict the next sonic development in Breakbeat science. This display of sound shifts of the future would redefine the Drum and Bass scene. By June 1994 4 hero unleashed their debut album Parallel Universe this was to be a cutting-edge. Dabbling with experimental Jazz, the album draw upon b-boy roots whilst incorporating strings, layered with clear-cut breaks. The album helped to coin a term which exposed the scenes incessant attraction with Jazz. Jazzstep becoming ever more prevalent towards the end of 1994 saw complex Breakbeat structures sounding increasingly similar to the rhythms of Jazz Fusion bands. The adoption of Jazzier vibes by Reinforced Records created a stir at the epicentre of the Drum and Bass scene. Artists such as Fabio would take very opportunity to weave together the jazzier tracks with his Breakbeat sets. Now with the arrival of this new Jazz element within Drum and Bass sound. However for fans of Drum and Bass this new sound could only be enjoyed via the experimental shows of pirate radio stations. This was until October of 1994, Fabio, Bukem, Kemistry and Storm along with an assortment of guests saw a creation of a Monday night session at Mars Bar in Londons west end. The night was proclaimed Speed, it was to become one of the countrys most important club nights. It not only gave a meeting place for likeminded Djs and producers it was also to be the new creative centre of Drum and Bass. However this particular night was far flung from the raging crowds of the old Jungle raves which often saw gatherings of up to 5000 people. Mars bar only had a capacity of a few hundred, paving the way for a whole new generation of Drum and Bass heads, Jungalists and Breakbeat enthusiasts. These were people who listened to Drum and Bass through pirate stations. Indeed Speed was to Drum and Bass what Roast had been to Jungle and Rage to Hardcore. Each week saw Fabio play their smooth and rolling breaks, Bukem on the oceanic tip, washing the crowd with lush string drive epics while Fabio took he vibe deeper into Jazz land. Intricate beats intertwined with strolling bass lines, counter tempos and off key refrains. Speed also saw the clothing style move away from the flesh-revealing lycra and designer casual chic. In its place was a style more in line with hiphop. 1995 finally saw the sound come to the forefront. As this new melodic style of Drum and Bass progressed it became progressively more supported by the media. That years Goldies Inner City Life had been released to universal acclaim, suddenly everyone wanted a piece of Drum and Bass. Some definitions Ambient jungle  Drum and bass tracks with an atmospheric feel/mood/style to them. Some have long intros or ambient breaks. The most popular example is  Bukems Horizons. Artcore / Intelligent  These were the tracks that were initially written in a backlash against the big ragga jungle scene. The term was used most famously for the series of React Compilations, which have included mixes by  Kemistry  andStorm. This was and still is a favourite style for  Good Looking Records   a label that was initially ignored as it did not base its music on the dancefloor. Darkside  The exact opposite to the optimistic and catchy hardcore anthems. Darkside takes in samples from horror movies, deep, dark basslines and screams. Has undergone some serious developements but an ever-present style throughout drum and bass history. Still popular with todays producers i.e.  Blue Sonics   Devil Inside. It is not so much characterised by the samples now but more by the general sound and feel of the beats and synths. Happy hardcore  This is what remains of the original hardcore style, after jungle split off in 1991/92 some DJs and ravers remained loyal to the manic pianos, cartoon samples and sped-up vocals. The music self-destructed to some extent by becoming stagnated and too repetitive, as a result it would appear to be fading fast in the UK but still retains a large following in other countries. Hardstep  A term borne out of Grooveriders seminal 1995 LP Hardstep Selection. Usually simple tracks with deep grinding basslines and minimal or simple Breakbeats. Jazzstep Another sub-genre for those artists who took in jazz influences for their productions. Originated with Alex Reece  but more recently publicised by Bristols  Roni Size Reprazent  and  4 Hero. Still a style going strong. Jump-up  The style for the dancefloor. Big, bad drums and strong basslines. Often utilise vocal samples so once you hear some tracks you never forget them. Most at home in a club or event and guaranteed to get people moving (even if its only head-nodding.) Ragga-jungle  The style of the originators. Many of the early jungle tunes took in ragga influences spawned one of jungles greatest chart successes: M-Beat feat. General LevysIncredible  and Shy FXs  Original Nuttah. The influence has died right down with the  Tribe Of Issachars Tribal Natty being a lone example of recent years.

Contemporary Review of Work Experience Essay -- essays research papers

‘Learning through experience is the normal, common place approach to learning, and we take it for granted.’ Miller and Boud (1996) After my work experience at Franklin College and St Mary’s school, I whole heartedly agree with this statement. During my life I have taken my experiences for granted for example throughout my academic career and vocational encounters I haven’t really reflected on them. Swedish research that was later developed by Marton, Hounsell and Entwistle (1997) suggested that there were two types of learning – deep or surface learning. Whenever I have looked back at my experiences, I have looked at it at surface value rather than from a deep view; Piaget (1971) defines the deep view as ‘people who are willing to change their existing knowledge-the cognitive structure-in order to accommodate the new idea.’ In the past I haven’t been willing to change my knowledge, just add to it which leads to surface learning. In order for me to deepen my learning I produced a learning contract which included learning outcomes in it for me to achieve; a learning log from which I could ‘reflect’ upon and as Moon (1999) says ‘A learning journal is essentially a vehicle for reflection.’ So this was an important component of my experience. The first stage was to plan for my experience and for it to be successful I had to plan well because ‘effective planning is at the heart of effective teaching and learning.’ Gower (1997) I had to produce an initial proposal where I put forward potential career area that I could work in. I then had to submit a work placement details form, and this involved me ringing Toll Bar school and agreeing the placement which initially seemed easy; I managed to speak to someone who worked in the department and they said it would be fine but would ring me back to confirm this; I received no phone call so rang them on numerous occasions only to be told every time that the P.E department weren’t available and that they would get back to me. I had another institution in mind just in case this had arisen and had learnt from my previous experience and manage to get a firm answer this time. I realised sometimes things aren’t as easy as they seem and that I have to persist and follow things up want if I want anything done; even if I am frustrated I still have to act in the appropriate manner. I then had to develop my learning contract and th... ...ole most places were similar. This discussion made me feel a little uneasy as it involved talking about liable and loco parentis, but my host allayed my fears and I understand that its part of the job to consider these things; with effective planning it would reduce the probability of a major incident occurring. My outcome that states that I want to know how to respond to certain pupils is really a repeat of the sixth outcome and is an error on my behalf and lack of preparation when preparing my learning contract as I mentioned before. My last learning outcome was a simple one as I just used the internet and asked a newly qualified teacher to find out the relevant qualification, for example the PGCE. In the near future I could perform his whole process again but try and plan it more effectively than I did this time; it is one area that I have to improve vastly if I am to succeed in any domain in life. If I were to partake in any work experience my learning outcomes would have to be more specific and I would have to include personal outcomes so I could reflect deeper into my learning. I could keep a learning log during a semester of term and reflect on how I work during university.

Characters’ Transformation Essay

Pride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels written by Jane Austen which was foremost published in 1813. It is more than a narrative of love which revolves around the lives of the Bennett household and the affluent male visitants of Hertfordshire. The broad assortment of personalities in the narrative contributed to the novel’s attractive and compelling characteristics to day of the month. However. the novel seemingly portrayed several transmutations in relation to the chief characters. Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy were clearly different sorts of people who subsequently proved themselves to be the ideal lucifer for each other. Clearly. the transmutation of Elizabeth and Darcy’s characters were made possible by their ain pride and biass against each other. This fact. hence. illustrates the thought that the character transmutation would most probably non happen without the defects and headlong judgements of the two chief characters of the Jane Austen’s celebrated novel. Character Transformation Thoroughly reexamining the whole context of the narrative. the diverse personalities of the characters are what made it possible to get in a certain character transmutation. Each character is provided a characteristic that is distinguishable to other characters. Elizabeth Bennett. an interesting character so. possesses traits which are really much different from her sisters. Here is one of her statements to Darcy included in Chapter 19 where she rejects him the first clip he proposed to get married her and considered to be one of the polar bends in the narrative which caused the alteration in both Elizabeth and Darcy’s character: I do assure you. Sir. that I have no pretense whatever to that sort of elegance which consists in torturing a respectable adult male. I would instead be paid the compliment of being believed sincere. I thank you once more and once more for the award you have done me in your proposals. but to accept them is perfectly impossible. My feelings in every regard forbid it. Can I talk plainer? Do non see me now as an elegant female. meaning to blight you. but as a rational animal. talking the truth from her bosom ( Austen 97 ) . Elizabeth Bennett’s character speaks much of a strong personality which is highly opinionative and bold. Unlike her younger sisters. she does non let societal position and wealth to interfere with her criterions for love. However. in her statement. biass toward Darcy are apparent for she has already judged him without cognizing him good foremost. However. at the terminal of the narrative. she regrets holding misjudged the adult male upon cognizing the existent Fitzwilliam Darcy. On the other manus. Darcy’s character besides reveals pride and bias on his first feeling towards Elizabeth. His statement where she declared Elizabeth as tolerable but non beautiful plenty to involvement him because of her hapless societal position discloses how proud he was to avoid being acquainted with such a adult female ( Austen 9 ) . Similarly. he took back his word when he found out how interesting and intelligent Elizabeth was which led him to squeal his feelings and offer a matrimony proposal. Unfortunately. his first proposal was rejected. Upon the terminal of the novel. it is sensible to reason that Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy really have similar features which can be considered dry. Both are intelligent. witty. opinionated. and proud. There are besides cases when they have exposed Acts of the Apostless of biass towards some characters in the narrative. chiefly themselves. Elizabeth deemed Darcy to be an highly chesty and proud adult male when she by chance heard him state that he was non interested in her due to her hapless position in the society. She thought him to be a spoilt affluent adult male who is unsociable and selfish. In return. Darcy besides showed his biass towards her by thought that she was non right for him because she belonged to the lower category portion of the society. Hence. the state of affairs indicates how their unprompted and superficial judgements of each other led them to take back their words and eliminate their pride and biass towards each other. They bit by bit transformed into low existences who were capable of acknowledging and accepting their defects. Harmonizing to Christopher Booker. writer of The Seven Basic Plots: What we see here is a narrative wholly shaped by the implicit in signifier of Comedy. but in a new sort of intervention where the conventions about misinterpretations. camouflages. failure to acknowledge individuality and ‘dark’ figures acquiring caught out are no longer presented in the footings of the old phase devices. but instead more subtly. in footings of the gradual disclosure of people’s true character from behind first misguided feelings. and the find of true feelings. in a manner which corresponds more to our experience of life ( Booker 134 ) . Therefore. two people. even with similar features may non hold similar end products and can still be regarded contradictory in footings of beliefs. Like the characters in the narrative. all have distinct personalities which enabled them to make up one's mind the manner they did. If Elizabeth did non hurriedly judged Darcy in the first topographic point which led her into rejecting his first matrimony proposal. Darcy would non hold humbled himself into farther prosecuting Elizabeth despite her initial rejection. He would non hold rescued her household from societal shame and uncover his true nature. Simply put. Elizabeth would non hold alteration her sentiment about Darcy and most likely reject him still. She would non hold fallen in love with him and alter her ways of being filled with biass. The undermentioned scenarios created a immense impact in the adulthood and development of the characters in the narrative which proves that the transmutation is so dependent on the characters’ actions and determinations. Harmonizing to Nhu Le’s on-line article entitled. The Individualization of Elizabeth Bennet. she points out that: Although Elizabeth comes to hold that Darcy’s old actions were so justified. . . this transmutation â€Å"disables† Elizabeth’s capacity to get at. and act upon. her ain judgements. On the contrary. Darcy’s missive strengthens Elizabeth’s independency of head. By accepting the fact that she has misjudged Darcy. Wickham. Jane. and Bingley. Elizabeth sharpens her ability to spot character. In bend. she develops a solidly based assurance ( Le ) . As one critic puts it. â€Å"Both Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy develop an consciousness of their topographic point in the community and a acknowledgment of the effects of their ain speech† ( Colebrook 158 ) . Conclusion Clearly. the statements stated above place the construct that Elizabeth and Darcy’s character transmutation would non hold been possible without their errors and initial false feelings of each other. This validates the fact that their development as persons is extremely rooted from their determinations and headlong judgments—or instead their ain pride and biass. Works Cited Austen. Jane. Pride and Prejudice: A Novel. London: R. Bentley. 1853. Booker. Christopher. The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. 2005. Colebrook. Claire. Irony. London: Routledge. 2004. Le. Nhu. The Individualization of Elizabeth Bennet. 16 December 2008. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Colorado. edu/pwr/occasions/articles/lizbennet. hypertext markup language & gt ;

Between vs. Among

Between vs. Among Between vs. Among Between vs. Among By Maeve Maddox The preposition between is from an Old English word related to the word two. It denotes a position between two things: The guard stood between the door and the street. Just between you and me, Im surprised that a graduate of Yale wouldnt speak better English. The preposition among derives from an Old English word meaning to mix or to mingle. Use among when speaking about more than two things: We wandered among the poppies, looking for the road to Oz. Lets keep this information among ourselves. A common error is to use between where among is more appropriate: I was one of eight brothers. Our parents never made any difference between us. Better: Our parents never made any difference among us. Here are some quotations from newspapers: storefronts in downtown Robersonville in North Carolina, one of 26 states where deaths now outnumber births among white people. (www.nytimes.com) Condom use is declining among sexually active teens, a federal survey found. (www.nytimes.com) sounded the alarm about the use of benzodiazepines among older adults. Often called â€Å"benzos,† the problem drugs include Valium (diazepam), Klonopin (clonazepam), (www.nytimes.com) SEOUL, South Korea – A top lieutenant of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is in the United States conducting one of three sets of parallel talks aimed at salvaging a summit between Kim and President Donald Trump. usatoday.com Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†Excited ABOUT, not "for" The Difference Between e.g. and i.e.?

Free Essays on College Admissions

High School is a strange time. After three years of trying to develop an identity and friends in grammar school, students are expected to mature immediately on the first day of ninth grade, but I never did this. I never fully realized in the earlier grades how important high school success, as measured by GPA, would be to my future life, and as a result I am applying to college with seemingly contradictory measures of my ability to perform college-level work. If I had worked and studied hard rather than hanging out with friends and viewing high school as a chance to socialize, I would not have to apply to school with an 890 SAT and a 2.5 GPA. Had I taken my grades in my earlier years seriously, I could have been a college’s dream candidate. This year I have made my earnest effort to improve my work ethic. My grade point average is rising and my study habits are improving. However, after performing poorly for these three years, my GPA cannot reflect the transformation I underwent at the start of this year. Dedicated to making something of myself, I finally matured an am now trying to lessen the consequences of my past actions. Armed with my attitude and my understanding of the extreme importance of earning good grades to signal my capacity to work responsibly, I assure you will never revert to the student I once was. In retrospect, I believe that it was my inability to choose my classes that resulted in my lack of enthusiasm on the ride to school each morning. I enjoy the freedom to pursue my own interests and anxiously anticipate choosing my own class schedule in college. While I understand that college will be significantly more challenging in high school, I have always found it easier to study for a class that interests me. I am also willing to accept the fact that as long as I am in school, I will be forced to take required course that I might be less enthusiastic about. However, with my new goal-oriented nature, I ... Free Essays on College Admissions Free Essays on College Admissions High School is a strange time. After three years of trying to develop an identity and friends in grammar school, students are expected to mature immediately on the first day of ninth grade, but I never did this. I never fully realized in the earlier grades how important high school success, as measured by GPA, would be to my future life, and as a result I am applying to college with seemingly contradictory measures of my ability to perform college-level work. If I had worked and studied hard rather than hanging out with friends and viewing high school as a chance to socialize, I would not have to apply to school with an 890 SAT and a 2.5 GPA. Had I taken my grades in my earlier years seriously, I could have been a college’s dream candidate. This year I have made my earnest effort to improve my work ethic. My grade point average is rising and my study habits are improving. However, after performing poorly for these three years, my GPA cannot reflect the transformation I underwent at the start of this year. Dedicated to making something of myself, I finally matured an am now trying to lessen the consequences of my past actions. Armed with my attitude and my understanding of the extreme importance of earning good grades to signal my capacity to work responsibly, I assure you will never revert to the student I once was. In retrospect, I believe that it was my inability to choose my classes that resulted in my lack of enthusiasm on the ride to school each morning. I enjoy the freedom to pursue my own interests and anxiously anticipate choosing my own class schedule in college. While I understand that college will be significantly more challenging in high school, I have always found it easier to study for a class that interests me. I am also willing to accept the fact that as long as I am in school, I will be forced to take required course that I might be less enthusiastic about. However, with my new goal-oriented nature, I ...

Nacl and cellular respiration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nacl and cellular respiration - Coursework Example State of the cell determines the type of energy transformed from the available nutrients. Even though, the cell may contain salts like NaCl, the most important aspect is the locality of the cell. Working cells like root have a higher rate of respiration as compared to dormant ones like the seed cells due to extra energy stored (Meldrum 25). Nutrients in a given food substrate contain different compounds and, therefore, not only sodium chloride. Therefore, the availability of different types of nutrients results in different amounts of energy produced during respiration. This explains why energy content from carbohydrates id different from proteins and fats (Meldrum 33) One of the primary requirements of cellular respiration is oxygen availability in the breakdown of food substrate to yield energy. The oxygen has no salt component, and this, therefore, means the process can take place in any environment that has an adequate supply of oxygen (Meldrum

Multimedia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multimedia - Assignment Example The company will also be happy to avail additional services and reference upon the client’s request. The company has a precise understanding of software development needs, and the company also has the skills, experience and knowledge to complete the project in a successful manner. The company is also recognized by the association of software companies within the state and has been placed on the map to show its competency. The company shall be involved in developing the system from the start and customize it according to NPC needs that will make the system easy to use even minus technical support. Once agreed, the development phase takes off and a prototype is availed for demo is when NPC commits a down payment. After complete system development, the company shall offer training to the staff members and be available for any technical support that may be needed. NPC shall use the system for a period of three months for convenience purpose is when the final payment is made. IMS shall avail free consultancy service to the NPC for a period of six months from the time of system delivery. The system contains a home screen that can be viewed by both site visitors and staff members. The home screen has a login area that can be used by staff members while logging into the system. The clients can place orders and at the same time seek for vet services. A good system is supposed to be easily navigable by any type of user; hence the system should be simple to understand (Eurospi 2007, & Abrahamsson, 2007). This can be achieved by use of few pages to avoid mix up. The system uses a well-organized database that enables retrieval to be easy and secure. For security reasons, a back server is set on the cloud. Cloud computing is taking technology miles away and most tech companies prefer using cloud for the purpose of storing data and can be retrieved in case the primary storage fails at some pint. The main page is

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing Essay - 2

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing - Essay Example Based on all conjecture about such rotations and research studies on auditing tenure versus rotation, it would appear that the quality of auditing is actually improved by rotating auditing firms. The evidence Pozen (2012) argues that when an organisation decides to rotate auditors, there is the need for significant investment on behalf of the new auditing firm to gain important institutional knowledge about the industry which has already been learned by the incumbent auditing firm. Research studies have illustrated that there is reduced quality in auditing practice and competency during the initial years of appointment as the new auditing firm attempts to familiarise itself with specific business practices (Pozen 2012). Especially apparent in multi-national firms, new auditing companies must learn highly extensive information about corporate finance and accounting in a complex, global accounting environment. This requires time and perhaps even training, however once this information is gleaned, the auditor can provide better quality audits even though this quality took considerable time to develop and enhance. The International Federation of Accountants sees the situation from a rather different perspective outside of the time and labour investment in learning business processes. Elongated and long-standing relationships with existing auditing firms are recognised as becoming too cosy with their corporate employers which changes the dynamics of how incumbent auditing firms view business practices and ideologies. When long-standing relationships are developed with existing auditing firms, auditors tend to give favourable opinions, rather than unbiased opinions, about the corporate-mandated auditing processes. Existing auditor relationships that have endured over time leads to trust-building between business and auditor which, in turn, creates a situation where the auditor handles investigations carelessly and are more willing to accept business written statement s rather than inspect the situation to ensure that the business is actually performing compliance-based activities to general accounting standards (IFA 2010). Boxer (2008) absolutely agrees with the aforementioned notion of corporate cosiness developed over time and in the face of trust that endures through familiarity with business leaders. This author representing the Office of the Comptroller of the state of New Jersey refers to this scenario as familiarity fatigue stating that such familiarity with management leaders of the business leads to a lack of independence where professional ties create a complicity that reduces auditing effectiveness and lack of unbiased auditing support (Boxer 2008). When this type of relationship is developed, the auditor loses their scepticism about the oral and written information that is provided to the auditor by the company leadership and, therefore, begins to overlook important facts and figures associated with financial statement production dur ing the auditing processes. Boxer (2008) indicates yet another scenario that occurs, potentially, when maintaining enduring relationships with existing auditing firms. Auditors will have the tendency to desire corporate approval in the hopes of maintaining a continuous revenue

Women empowerment Essay Example for Free

Women empowerment Essay Since the older times, women have been treated as second rate citizens of all across the globe. The situation is almost the same everywhere-irrespective of the developed country or the developing country-caste, community, colour or creed a position which is comparable in many ways, with that of racial minorities. Women have been relegated to secondary position despite the fact that they numerically constitute about half the world population today. This situation has caused immense loss to their self-dignity as human beings and also their independent entities, associated with men, apart from other matter, in context with intellectual and professional capability. In the very beginning of civilization, women enjoyed a respectable position in society-at par with men. They actively participated in social, religious affairs as well as in warfare. The social, religious ceremonies were considered incomplete unless women participated in them. However, it was their physical constitution which acted as hurdles on the way to doing their various different difficult tasks. Gradually, they became dependent on men for food, protection for their other necessities. It was due to the strong built-up of men they risked their lives in course of hunting and food collection. It is really ironical that superiority is not accorded to the fair sex who are responsible for carrying forward lives on this planet but to men who have muscle power with the help of which they can subjugate others. Later, woman became the epitome of procreation, and was very often associated and identified with Earth, which supported lives with all her resources. This thought inspired in men a feeling of respect and regard which was reflected in their worship of women as goddesses. Despite this elevated position that she enjoyed, and are still enjoying in the form of being worshipped as goddesses Durga, Kali, Lakshami, Saraswati, etc. However, a woman is fated to be subjected, owned, and exploited like the very nature, whose magical fertility she embodies. During the course of social development, the position of women also changed. When society was formed, patriarchy was establ ished. Gradually, males became dominant in society. They were to write the codes for all times and obviously women were given a subordinate position. A prominent feature of hegemonic ideologies is the projection of the dominant viewpoint as universally true. Patriarchy, as an ideological assumption, works on the same principle. And, yet, even in ages of strict dominance by males, society has thrown up women of calibre,  who could match, even surpass, the skills of men. They made great progress in various fields of life and gained significant achievements as teachers, doctors, engineers, scientists, explorers, soldiers and pilots. This achievement is really plausible because they have been achieved in a highly adverse situation and at the cost of severe social criticism, indeed even ostracism. The need for women’s empowerment arises from the subordinate position they have been accorded for a long time. The empowerment has been felt as a tool to bring about changes in their socio-economic condition. It has been felt on the part of nation as well as individual that no society can progress till women, a major constituent of society, lag behind. Empowerment of women needs to begin with her participation in different spheres of life. Education is a great determinant in this regard. To achieve empowerment women have to be educated to be aware of their rights and privileges in a modern society. It is education which can bring about awareness in them related to their social status, injustice and differentiation meted out to them. Besides, economic independence is a major factor which can contribute in empowering women. India in the very beginning realised this need. The architect of Indian Constitution was of the opinion that unless and until women are empowered, nothing was going to bring about any change in their destiny. At that time, the women, in the name of sansakaras were tied up with the bondage of superstitions, which they had to carry till the last breath of their lives. They were considered just a matter of joy and a source of amusement. She was, according the Hindu Shashtra, the bonded slave of her father when she was young, to her husband when she was middle-aged and to her son when a mother. Of course, all the epigrams, aphorisms, proverbs, platitudes and truism have been naked truth about the stature of women in India. It does not mean that efforts have not been made to bring dignity in the life of women. There has been a long tradition of social reforms by our saints and social reformers which include: Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Mahadev Govind Ranade, and Jyotiba Phule, to name a few, who tried their best to bring changes in the life of women. Their efforts, however, bore fruit to some extent, but did not make too much difference to the lots of the masses. In this direction, Dr. Ambedkar tried to break down the barriers in the way of advancement of women in India. He laid down the foundation of concrete and  sincere efforts by codifying the Common Civil Code for the Hindus and the principle is capable of extension to other sections of the Indian society. Besides, he also made provision in the Constitution to ensure a dignified social status to women. He, by codifying Hindu Law in respect of marriage, divorce and succession rationalised and restored the dignity of women. In addition to this, the Sharda Act is also worth mentioning. It has set the seal of authority upon the piece of social reforms, which the heads of orthodoxy were imposing and impending. The Hindu Code Bill, which covers issues such as right to property, order of succession to property, maintenance, marriage, divorce, adoption, minority and guardianship, constitutes part of social engineering via law. Needless to say, it was a revolutionary measure. It was really a first step towards the recognition and empowerment of women in India. This gives a woman right to property, which undoubtedly strengthens her social position. Despite all these political measures, women’s empowerment remains a distant dream in India. In fact, political empowerment is a key to develop ment in this society. It is a must for an all- around development of women. It is the need of the hour to ensure her participation in the decision-making at home, in community and at the national level. It is for the fulfillment of this need that the Women’s Reservation Bill was introduced in the Parliament by the BJP Government. But since then, ruling parties changed in power but the Bill could not see the light of the day. The political parties do not seem to be honest in their perspectives. But before political empowerment, we must concentrate on imparting social education because without academic and social education, the political empowerment has failed to bring desired result as we have seen in case of 33 per cent reservation in local bodies ensured by the historic 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. The uneducated women are quite unaware of their rights and privileges and are therefore subject to exploitation at the hands of government machinery, as well by family members. Therefore, our efforts should be directed towards the all- around development of each and every section of Indian women, not confining the benefit to a particular section of women in society, by giving them their due share. It is a must to protect their chastity, modesty and dignity and ensure their dignified position in society. Without removing social stigma, enduring progress and development could not be achieved. For this, the governmental and non-governmental organisations including media should come forward and play an active role in creating awareness in society. The task is not too difficult to achieve. The honesty and sincerity on the part of those involved is a must. If the lots of women change, definitely it will have a positive impact on society. Hence, the women’s empowerment is the need of the hour.

Effect of Parent Addiction on Children

Effect of Parent Addiction on Children Antonio Latham Children of Parents with Addiction Drug and alcohol addiction is prevalent in America. Within the U.S., there has been an increasing emphasis and mounting research on how parental addiction impacts the lives of children (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). This alarm is being powered in part by the escalation of disturbing incidents involving extreme neglect and abuse that children of drug or alcohol addicted parented subject them to (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Studies now show that children who reside with parents who suffer from any substance addiction are likely to be unstable, demonstrate severe emotional and behavioral issues (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Moreover, this present great challenges for children matriculating through school (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). These children are frequently exposed to one or both substance dependent parents that are unstable and chaotic places where drugs and criminal activity occur regularly (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). For U.S. citizens working with such families and children, it is impo rtant to recognize substance abuse early and confront the difficult needs of parents with substance addiction and those of their children (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Over the last several years, researchers and advocates of child’s rights have developed advanced strategies and programs that have facilitated innovative guidelines for a more efficient, cooperative, and holistic approach to helping the parent and child (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). This paper will analyze the behavioral, academic, and development problems associated with growing up in a household where a parent suffers from drug or alcohol addiction. Additionally, this paper will provide information on the connection between substance addiction and child neglect. It will also explore explains approaches for prevention, intervention, and treatment that including examples of effective programs and practices. Behavioral, Academic, Development Impact When mothers or fathers abuse substances, this greatly impact the behavioral, academic, and development growth of the children. Studies show that these children are more likely to suffer signs of depression and anxiety, experience mental instability and display conduct problems (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). All of these issues have both long-term and short-term effects; in which will determine the life trajectory these children will follow. Academically, these children often score lower on school academic exams and exhibit various signs of struggles in school such continued conflict with peers (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). Children of parents with addiction may demonstrate behaviors that are difficult for their addicted parents to effectively handle (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). This can produce unreliable parenting and the likelihood the child will be removed from their parental homes. Studies on children’s behavioral issues reveal that children of drug abusers exhibit some of the following characteristic: lack of compassion for other individuals; reduced social interaction and interpersonal engagement; low self-confidence; and defiance against authority (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). For proper development, children need positive social and emotional reinforcement, especially from their parents. Children are more capable of reaching their optimal potential if they experience steady, certain, enhanced, and motivating relations with their family and other relationships (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). A lack of this has been generally linked to developmental problems for the child. For instance, when a child suffers repeated instance of neglect from the parent, especially during the young developmental stages, activation of the stress response systems is severally damaged (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). The often result in the child responding to normal situations in a threatening or alarm manner (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). Long-term Impact for Children Children of substance-addicted parents will often have lingering effects long into adulthood that will impact their maturity (Haggerty, Skinner, Fleming, Gainey, Catalano, 2008). Although it is important to note that not all children will experience long-term consequence, however, they may have an increased vulnerability. Parental substance addiction can have a plethora of long-term effects on their physical well-being (Haggerty et al, 2008). These include poor brain development and increased chances of obesity and malnutrition (Haggerty et al, 2008). The more instantaneous emotional effects of parental substance addiction produce feelings of loneliness, depression anxiety, and an unwillingness to trust (Haggerty et al, 2008). These can translate into permanent mental consequences in adulthood, including low self-worth, insecurity, and relationship problems (Haggerty et al, 2008). Research steadily reveals an increased probability that children who have lived with substance addicted parents will eventually take on negative habits such as smoking, abusing alcohol, or engaging in illegal drugs (Haggerty et al, 2008). Prevention Intervention Strategies To end the cycle of destruction and decrease the possibility of lasting effects, researchers agree that there must be continued development and implementation of methods to prevent substance addiction from occurring and dangerously effecting children (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). While experts concede that the causes of substance addiction and its effects on children are complex, it is probable to formulate prevention strategies that tackle recognized risk factors (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Prevention initiatives are best to thwart the onslaught of the mental and physical effects children are likely to have when growing up in a home where a parent is addicted to drugs or alcohol. The best prevention method is identifying children who live within these homes and provide support for both child and parent. Researchers encourage inspiring intellectual, emotional, societal, and physical experiences for children through various outlets (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). According to Fraser, McIntyre, and Manby (2009), prevention methods should first involve understanding important principles of healthy growth and development for children that will help to identify sensitive or possible threatening issues in homes and within the child. Academic institutions play a crucial role in prevention as well as intervention (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Schools should be adequately informed on application and testing of educational and prevention programs as well bringing additional awareness to the issue (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Once the issue has occurred, the next best course of action is intervention. Fraser, McIntyre, and Manby (2009) explains that because of the greater risks associated with parental substance addiction, it is especially significant for schools and child services personnel to thoroughly assess thoroughly the needs of the children to effectuate the most beneficial change. Intervention revolves around providing a home environment that is safe, predictable, and nurturing for the children (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Moreover, intervention should entail family-centered treatment programs that provide care for parents in facilities where children are allowed and are able to aid in the healing of parent and child (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Ultimately, proper intervention will use other family members without addiction issues to help restore balance and harmony within the child. Conclusion The body of research on children with addiction continues to grow and highlight many alarming issues, such as child abuse and neglect. This type of environment affects the child in many ways including behaviorally, academically, and developmentally (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Though the effects may vary contingent on many variables, the potential for destruction create enough social panic for proper prevention and intervention strategies. Researchers are encouraging appropriate recognition and responses to this epidemic in a way that effect national policies (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). It is vital for this nation to allocate as much resources as possible to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention tactics and services. References Barnard, M., McKeganey, N. (2004). The impact of parental problem drug use on children: what is the problem and what can be done to help?. Addiction, 99(5), 552-559. Fraser, C., McIntyre, A., Manby, M. (2009). Exploring the impact of parental drug/alcohol problems on children and parents in a midlands county in 2005/06. British Journal of Social Work, 39(5), 846-866. Haggerty, K. P., Skinner, M., Fleming, C. B., Gainey, R. R., Catalano, R. F. (2008). Longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  term effects of the Focus on Families project on substance use disorders among children of parents in methadone treatment. Addiction, 103(12), 2008-2016. McKeganey, N., Barnard, M., McIntosh, J. (2002). Paying the price for their parents addiction: meeting the needs of the children of drug-using parents. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 9(3), 233-246.

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Essay -- English Lite

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Introduction More than three-quarters of the people living in the world today have had their lives shaped by the experience of colonialism. It is easy to see how important this has been in the political and economic spheres, but its general influence on the perceptual frameworks of contemporary peoples is often less evident. Literature offers one of the most important ways in which these new perceptions are expressed and it is in their writing, and through other arts such as painting, sculpture, music, and dance that the day-to-day realities experienced by colonized peoples have been most powerfully encoded and so profoundly influential. What are post-colonial literatures? This book is concerned with writing by those peoples formerly colonized by Britain, though much of what it deals with is of interest and relevance to countries colonized by other European powers, such as France, Portugal, and Spain. The semantic basis of the term ?post-colonial? might seem to suggest a concern only with the national culture after the departure of the imperial power. It has occasionally been employed in some earlier work in the area to distinguish between the periods before and after independence (?colonial period? and ?post-colonial period?), for example, in constructing national literary histories, or in suggesting comparative studies between stages in those histories. Generally speaking, though, the term ?colonial? has been used for the period before independence and a term indicating a national writing, such as ?modern Canadian writing? or ?recent West Indian literature? has been employed to distinguish the period after independence. We use the term ?post-co... ...rad, Patrick White and Margaret Atwood?, World Literature Written in English 24, no. 2 (Autumn). Campbell Praed (1981). Policy and Passion. London: Richard Bentley & Sons. Howe, Joseph (1874). Poems and Essays. Montreal: Lovell. Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1972). Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics. London: Heinemann. Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1986). Writers in Politics. London: Heinemann. Phillips, Arthur (1958). ?The cultural cringe?. The Australian Tradition: Studies in a Colonial Culture. Melbourne: Cheshire. Said, Edward W. (1984). The World, the Text and the Critic. London: Faber. Tiffin, Chris, ed. (1978). South Pacific Images. St Lucia, Queensland: SPACLALS. Viswanathan, Gauri (1987). ?The beginnings of English literary study in British India?. Oxford Literary Review 9:1 & 2.