Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing Essay - 2

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing - Essay Example Based on all conjecture about such rotations and research studies on auditing tenure versus rotation, it would appear that the quality of auditing is actually improved by rotating auditing firms. The evidence Pozen (2012) argues that when an organisation decides to rotate auditors, there is the need for significant investment on behalf of the new auditing firm to gain important institutional knowledge about the industry which has already been learned by the incumbent auditing firm. Research studies have illustrated that there is reduced quality in auditing practice and competency during the initial years of appointment as the new auditing firm attempts to familiarise itself with specific business practices (Pozen 2012). Especially apparent in multi-national firms, new auditing companies must learn highly extensive information about corporate finance and accounting in a complex, global accounting environment. This requires time and perhaps even training, however once this information is gleaned, the auditor can provide better quality audits even though this quality took considerable time to develop and enhance. The International Federation of Accountants sees the situation from a rather different perspective outside of the time and labour investment in learning business processes. Elongated and long-standing relationships with existing auditing firms are recognised as becoming too cosy with their corporate employers which changes the dynamics of how incumbent auditing firms view business practices and ideologies. When long-standing relationships are developed with existing auditing firms, auditors tend to give favourable opinions, rather than unbiased opinions, about the corporate-mandated auditing processes. Existing auditor relationships that have endured over time leads to trust-building between business and auditor which, in turn, creates a situation where the auditor handles investigations carelessly and are more willing to accept business written statement s rather than inspect the situation to ensure that the business is actually performing compliance-based activities to general accounting standards (IFA 2010). Boxer (2008) absolutely agrees with the aforementioned notion of corporate cosiness developed over time and in the face of trust that endures through familiarity with business leaders. This author representing the Office of the Comptroller of the state of New Jersey refers to this scenario as familiarity fatigue stating that such familiarity with management leaders of the business leads to a lack of independence where professional ties create a complicity that reduces auditing effectiveness and lack of unbiased auditing support (Boxer 2008). When this type of relationship is developed, the auditor loses their scepticism about the oral and written information that is provided to the auditor by the company leadership and, therefore, begins to overlook important facts and figures associated with financial statement production dur ing the auditing processes. Boxer (2008) indicates yet another scenario that occurs, potentially, when maintaining enduring relationships with existing auditing firms. Auditors will have the tendency to desire corporate approval in the hopes of maintaining a continuous revenue

Women empowerment Essay Example for Free

Women empowerment Essay Since the older times, women have been treated as second rate citizens of all across the globe. The situation is almost the same everywhere-irrespective of the developed country or the developing country-caste, community, colour or creed a position which is comparable in many ways, with that of racial minorities. Women have been relegated to secondary position despite the fact that they numerically constitute about half the world population today. This situation has caused immense loss to their self-dignity as human beings and also their independent entities, associated with men, apart from other matter, in context with intellectual and professional capability. In the very beginning of civilization, women enjoyed a respectable position in society-at par with men. They actively participated in social, religious affairs as well as in warfare. The social, religious ceremonies were considered incomplete unless women participated in them. However, it was their physical constitution which acted as hurdles on the way to doing their various different difficult tasks. Gradually, they became dependent on men for food, protection for their other necessities. It was due to the strong built-up of men they risked their lives in course of hunting and food collection. It is really ironical that superiority is not accorded to the fair sex who are responsible for carrying forward lives on this planet but to men who have muscle power with the help of which they can subjugate others. Later, woman became the epitome of procreation, and was very often associated and identified with Earth, which supported lives with all her resources. This thought inspired in men a feeling of respect and regard which was reflected in their worship of women as goddesses. Despite this elevated position that she enjoyed, and are still enjoying in the form of being worshipped as goddesses Durga, Kali, Lakshami, Saraswati, etc. However, a woman is fated to be subjected, owned, and exploited like the very nature, whose magical fertility she embodies. During the course of social development, the position of women also changed. When society was formed, patriarchy was establ ished. Gradually, males became dominant in society. They were to write the codes for all times and obviously women were given a subordinate position. A prominent feature of hegemonic ideologies is the projection of the dominant viewpoint as universally true. Patriarchy, as an ideological assumption, works on the same principle. And, yet, even in ages of strict dominance by males, society has thrown up women of calibre,  who could match, even surpass, the skills of men. They made great progress in various fields of life and gained significant achievements as teachers, doctors, engineers, scientists, explorers, soldiers and pilots. This achievement is really plausible because they have been achieved in a highly adverse situation and at the cost of severe social criticism, indeed even ostracism. The need for women’s empowerment arises from the subordinate position they have been accorded for a long time. The empowerment has been felt as a tool to bring about changes in their socio-economic condition. It has been felt on the part of nation as well as individual that no society can progress till women, a major constituent of society, lag behind. Empowerment of women needs to begin with her participation in different spheres of life. Education is a great determinant in this regard. To achieve empowerment women have to be educated to be aware of their rights and privileges in a modern society. It is education which can bring about awareness in them related to their social status, injustice and differentiation meted out to them. Besides, economic independence is a major factor which can contribute in empowering women. India in the very beginning realised this need. The architect of Indian Constitution was of the opinion that unless and until women are empowered, nothing was going to bring about any change in their destiny. At that time, the women, in the name of sansakaras were tied up with the bondage of superstitions, which they had to carry till the last breath of their lives. They were considered just a matter of joy and a source of amusement. She was, according the Hindu Shashtra, the bonded slave of her father when she was young, to her husband when she was middle-aged and to her son when a mother. Of course, all the epigrams, aphorisms, proverbs, platitudes and truism have been naked truth about the stature of women in India. It does not mean that efforts have not been made to bring dignity in the life of women. There has been a long tradition of social reforms by our saints and social reformers which include: Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Mahadev Govind Ranade, and Jyotiba Phule, to name a few, who tried their best to bring changes in the life of women. Their efforts, however, bore fruit to some extent, but did not make too much difference to the lots of the masses. In this direction, Dr. Ambedkar tried to break down the barriers in the way of advancement of women in India. He laid down the foundation of concrete and  sincere efforts by codifying the Common Civil Code for the Hindus and the principle is capable of extension to other sections of the Indian society. Besides, he also made provision in the Constitution to ensure a dignified social status to women. He, by codifying Hindu Law in respect of marriage, divorce and succession rationalised and restored the dignity of women. In addition to this, the Sharda Act is also worth mentioning. It has set the seal of authority upon the piece of social reforms, which the heads of orthodoxy were imposing and impending. The Hindu Code Bill, which covers issues such as right to property, order of succession to property, maintenance, marriage, divorce, adoption, minority and guardianship, constitutes part of social engineering via law. Needless to say, it was a revolutionary measure. It was really a first step towards the recognition and empowerment of women in India. This gives a woman right to property, which undoubtedly strengthens her social position. Despite all these political measures, women’s empowerment remains a distant dream in India. In fact, political empowerment is a key to develop ment in this society. It is a must for an all- around development of women. It is the need of the hour to ensure her participation in the decision-making at home, in community and at the national level. It is for the fulfillment of this need that the Women’s Reservation Bill was introduced in the Parliament by the BJP Government. But since then, ruling parties changed in power but the Bill could not see the light of the day. The political parties do not seem to be honest in their perspectives. But before political empowerment, we must concentrate on imparting social education because without academic and social education, the political empowerment has failed to bring desired result as we have seen in case of 33 per cent reservation in local bodies ensured by the historic 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. The uneducated women are quite unaware of their rights and privileges and are therefore subject to exploitation at the hands of government machinery, as well by family members. Therefore, our efforts should be directed towards the all- around development of each and every section of Indian women, not confining the benefit to a particular section of women in society, by giving them their due share. It is a must to protect their chastity, modesty and dignity and ensure their dignified position in society. Without removing social stigma, enduring progress and development could not be achieved. For this, the governmental and non-governmental organisations including media should come forward and play an active role in creating awareness in society. The task is not too difficult to achieve. The honesty and sincerity on the part of those involved is a must. If the lots of women change, definitely it will have a positive impact on society. Hence, the women’s empowerment is the need of the hour.

Effect of Parent Addiction on Children

Effect of Parent Addiction on Children Antonio Latham Children of Parents with Addiction Drug and alcohol addiction is prevalent in America. Within the U.S., there has been an increasing emphasis and mounting research on how parental addiction impacts the lives of children (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). This alarm is being powered in part by the escalation of disturbing incidents involving extreme neglect and abuse that children of drug or alcohol addicted parented subject them to (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Studies now show that children who reside with parents who suffer from any substance addiction are likely to be unstable, demonstrate severe emotional and behavioral issues (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Moreover, this present great challenges for children matriculating through school (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). These children are frequently exposed to one or both substance dependent parents that are unstable and chaotic places where drugs and criminal activity occur regularly (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). For U.S. citizens working with such families and children, it is impo rtant to recognize substance abuse early and confront the difficult needs of parents with substance addiction and those of their children (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Over the last several years, researchers and advocates of child’s rights have developed advanced strategies and programs that have facilitated innovative guidelines for a more efficient, cooperative, and holistic approach to helping the parent and child (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). This paper will analyze the behavioral, academic, and development problems associated with growing up in a household where a parent suffers from drug or alcohol addiction. Additionally, this paper will provide information on the connection between substance addiction and child neglect. It will also explore explains approaches for prevention, intervention, and treatment that including examples of effective programs and practices. Behavioral, Academic, Development Impact When mothers or fathers abuse substances, this greatly impact the behavioral, academic, and development growth of the children. Studies show that these children are more likely to suffer signs of depression and anxiety, experience mental instability and display conduct problems (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). All of these issues have both long-term and short-term effects; in which will determine the life trajectory these children will follow. Academically, these children often score lower on school academic exams and exhibit various signs of struggles in school such continued conflict with peers (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). Children of parents with addiction may demonstrate behaviors that are difficult for their addicted parents to effectively handle (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). This can produce unreliable parenting and the likelihood the child will be removed from their parental homes. Studies on children’s behavioral issues reveal that children of drug abusers exhibit some of the following characteristic: lack of compassion for other individuals; reduced social interaction and interpersonal engagement; low self-confidence; and defiance against authority (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). For proper development, children need positive social and emotional reinforcement, especially from their parents. Children are more capable of reaching their optimal potential if they experience steady, certain, enhanced, and motivating relations with their family and other relationships (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). A lack of this has been generally linked to developmental problems for the child. For instance, when a child suffers repeated instance of neglect from the parent, especially during the young developmental stages, activation of the stress response systems is severally damaged (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). The often result in the child responding to normal situations in a threatening or alarm manner (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). Long-term Impact for Children Children of substance-addicted parents will often have lingering effects long into adulthood that will impact their maturity (Haggerty, Skinner, Fleming, Gainey, Catalano, 2008). Although it is important to note that not all children will experience long-term consequence, however, they may have an increased vulnerability. Parental substance addiction can have a plethora of long-term effects on their physical well-being (Haggerty et al, 2008). These include poor brain development and increased chances of obesity and malnutrition (Haggerty et al, 2008). The more instantaneous emotional effects of parental substance addiction produce feelings of loneliness, depression anxiety, and an unwillingness to trust (Haggerty et al, 2008). These can translate into permanent mental consequences in adulthood, including low self-worth, insecurity, and relationship problems (Haggerty et al, 2008). Research steadily reveals an increased probability that children who have lived with substance addicted parents will eventually take on negative habits such as smoking, abusing alcohol, or engaging in illegal drugs (Haggerty et al, 2008). Prevention Intervention Strategies To end the cycle of destruction and decrease the possibility of lasting effects, researchers agree that there must be continued development and implementation of methods to prevent substance addiction from occurring and dangerously effecting children (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). While experts concede that the causes of substance addiction and its effects on children are complex, it is probable to formulate prevention strategies that tackle recognized risk factors (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Prevention initiatives are best to thwart the onslaught of the mental and physical effects children are likely to have when growing up in a home where a parent is addicted to drugs or alcohol. The best prevention method is identifying children who live within these homes and provide support for both child and parent. Researchers encourage inspiring intellectual, emotional, societal, and physical experiences for children through various outlets (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). According to Fraser, McIntyre, and Manby (2009), prevention methods should first involve understanding important principles of healthy growth and development for children that will help to identify sensitive or possible threatening issues in homes and within the child. Academic institutions play a crucial role in prevention as well as intervention (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Schools should be adequately informed on application and testing of educational and prevention programs as well bringing additional awareness to the issue (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Once the issue has occurred, the next best course of action is intervention. Fraser, McIntyre, and Manby (2009) explains that because of the greater risks associated with parental substance addiction, it is especially significant for schools and child services personnel to thoroughly assess thoroughly the needs of the children to effectuate the most beneficial change. Intervention revolves around providing a home environment that is safe, predictable, and nurturing for the children (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Moreover, intervention should entail family-centered treatment programs that provide care for parents in facilities where children are allowed and are able to aid in the healing of parent and child (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Ultimately, proper intervention will use other family members without addiction issues to help restore balance and harmony within the child. Conclusion The body of research on children with addiction continues to grow and highlight many alarming issues, such as child abuse and neglect. This type of environment affects the child in many ways including behaviorally, academically, and developmentally (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Though the effects may vary contingent on many variables, the potential for destruction create enough social panic for proper prevention and intervention strategies. Researchers are encouraging appropriate recognition and responses to this epidemic in a way that effect national policies (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). It is vital for this nation to allocate as much resources as possible to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention tactics and services. References Barnard, M., McKeganey, N. (2004). The impact of parental problem drug use on children: what is the problem and what can be done to help?. Addiction, 99(5), 552-559. Fraser, C., McIntyre, A., Manby, M. (2009). Exploring the impact of parental drug/alcohol problems on children and parents in a midlands county in 2005/06. British Journal of Social Work, 39(5), 846-866. Haggerty, K. P., Skinner, M., Fleming, C. B., Gainey, R. R., Catalano, R. F. (2008). Longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  term effects of the Focus on Families project on substance use disorders among children of parents in methadone treatment. Addiction, 103(12), 2008-2016. McKeganey, N., Barnard, M., McIntosh, J. (2002). Paying the price for their parents addiction: meeting the needs of the children of drug-using parents. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 9(3), 233-246.

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Essay -- English Lite

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Introduction More than three-quarters of the people living in the world today have had their lives shaped by the experience of colonialism. It is easy to see how important this has been in the political and economic spheres, but its general influence on the perceptual frameworks of contemporary peoples is often less evident. Literature offers one of the most important ways in which these new perceptions are expressed and it is in their writing, and through other arts such as painting, sculpture, music, and dance that the day-to-day realities experienced by colonized peoples have been most powerfully encoded and so profoundly influential. What are post-colonial literatures? This book is concerned with writing by those peoples formerly colonized by Britain, though much of what it deals with is of interest and relevance to countries colonized by other European powers, such as France, Portugal, and Spain. The semantic basis of the term ?post-colonial? might seem to suggest a concern only with the national culture after the departure of the imperial power. It has occasionally been employed in some earlier work in the area to distinguish between the periods before and after independence (?colonial period? and ?post-colonial period?), for example, in constructing national literary histories, or in suggesting comparative studies between stages in those histories. Generally speaking, though, the term ?colonial? has been used for the period before independence and a term indicating a national writing, such as ?modern Canadian writing? or ?recent West Indian literature? has been employed to distinguish the period after independence. We use the term ?post-co... ...rad, Patrick White and Margaret Atwood?, World Literature Written in English 24, no. 2 (Autumn). Campbell Praed (1981). Policy and Passion. London: Richard Bentley & Sons. Howe, Joseph (1874). Poems and Essays. Montreal: Lovell. Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1972). Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics. London: Heinemann. Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1986). Writers in Politics. London: Heinemann. Phillips, Arthur (1958). ?The cultural cringe?. The Australian Tradition: Studies in a Colonial Culture. Melbourne: Cheshire. Said, Edward W. (1984). The World, the Text and the Critic. London: Faber. Tiffin, Chris, ed. (1978). South Pacific Images. St Lucia, Queensland: SPACLALS. Viswanathan, Gauri (1987). ?The beginnings of English literary study in British India?. Oxford Literary Review 9:1 & 2.

How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay

1 I. How to Recognize Plagiarism1 Overview In order to avoid plagiarism, you must give credit when You use another person's ideas, opinions, or theories. You use facts, statistics, graphics, drawings, music, etc. , or any other type of information that does not comprise common knowledge. You use quotations from another person's spoken or written word. You paraphrase another person's spoken or written word. 1 Begin the writing process by stating your ideas; then go back to the author's origina l work. Use quotation marks and credit the source (author) when you copy exact wording.Use your own words (paraphrase) instead of copying directly when possible. Even when you paraphrase another author's writings, you must give credit to that author. If the form of citation and reference are not correct, the attribution to the original author is likely to be incomplete. Therefore, improper use of style can result in plagiarism. Get a style manual and use it. 2 II. Formula for an Essay Basically, the writing expected of students in college is of one type that can be used for all disciplines. This handout generally focuses on the basic, â€Å"formulaic† nature of the college level essay and its components.THIS IS THE PROCESS & ITS PRODUCTS: 1. BRAINSTORM: Write down whatever comes to mind about the topic. 2. A. A. : AUDIENCE ATTRACTOR: This is the first sentence of the opening paragraph which catches the reader's attention, an attentiongetting sentence. 3. BACKGROUND SENTENCES: These are the sentences that provide background information about the subject and act to narrow the focus, thereby introducing the thesis. 4. THESIS: This is the sentence that expresses the main idea of the paper. **A thesis may change as the essay matures. ** 5. PROOF SENTENCES (2-3 sentences): Proof sentences support and prove the validity of the thesis. It helps to use a proof sentence as the opening sentence in each body paragraph. In each paragraph, a minimum of four sentences should be wr itten supporting the topic sentence. ) EXAMPLE: SAMPLE TOPIC: The value of a college education. BRAINSTORMING: better job enrichment more pay wider outlook AUDIENCE ATTRACTOR: higher self-esteem People all over the world yearn for an education. 3 BACKGROUND: 1. In the past, many individuals did not have access to an education. 2. History reveals many were forced to perform low-income, manual labor while others reaped the benefits of life. THESIS:Today, a person needs a college education in order to be financially successful in a technologically advanced world. PROOF/SUPPORT SENTENCES: The writer may compose 2-3 proof sentences depending on whether the essay is to be 4 or 5 paragraphs. The model used here includes 2 proof sentences for a 4 paragraph essay. 1. Education is a prerequisite for certain high-paying jobs. 2. In addition, advanced technology, like computers, makes college level training essential. NOTE: Thesis and proof/support sentences can be combined into a single thesis statement which advances the main idea and sketches the arrangement of the roof/support of that thesis. EXAMPLE: Today, a person needs a college education even to start certain high-paying jobs and to be able to use advanced technology in the workplace. OPENING PARAGRAPH: A. A. : People all over the world yearn for an education. BACKGROUND: In the past, many individuals did not have access to an education. History reveals many were forced to perform low-income, manual labor while others reaped the benefits of life. THESIS: Today, a person needs a college education in order to be financially successful in a technologically advanced world.PROOF (SUPPORT) SENTENCES: Education is a prerequisite for certain high-paying jobs. In addition, advanced technology, like computers, makes college level training essential. **PROOF SENTENCES CAN BE PLACED BEFORE OR AFTER THE THESIS. ** 4 FIRST BODY PARAGRAPH: FIRST PROOF SENTENCE REWRITTEN: The pay scale for certain jobs is based on how much educa tion the employee has. (Now, add four or more sentences to support this idea. ) SECOND BODY PARAGRAPH: SECOND PROOF SENTENCE REWRITTEN: Because of computers, sophisticated communications systems, and other technological advances, a general education may not be enough for some of today's jobs. Again, add four or more sentences to support this idea. ) CONCLUSION: The conclusion can be the thesis rewritten and the proof sentences rewritten. Stating one's opinion adds a personal touch. In the conclusion one should never introduce new material. A conclusion usually summarizes or re-emphasizes what has already been discussed in the paper. 5 III. Writing the Five Paragraph Essay INTRODUCTION Motivator, an attention grabbing sentence: Children have many things to learn and to adjust to as they grow up including the awareness of the parts of their bodies. Thesis (Main Idea):Children often do humorous things. Blueprint: They are often humorous in learning to speak, in discovering that all obj ects do not have human characteristics, and in attempting to imitate others. Often, the thesis and blueprint can be combined into a single thesis sentence which advances a main idea and sketches the arrangement of the details which support that main idea (thesis). BODY (SUPPORT & DEVELOPMENT) FIRST CENTRAL PARAGRAPH Topic Sentence: Specific Support: Children are often humorous in learning to speak. My daughter Betsy, mistook â€Å"old tomato† for â€Å"ultimatum. † SECOND CENTRAL PARAGRAPHTopic Sentence: Specific Support: Specific Support: Specific Support: Children â€Å"humanize† the objects around them. A psychologist says children blame balls and chairs as though the things were conscious. When I was a child, I thought the sun was out to get me. Betsy ordered her shoes to climb the stairs. THIRD CENTRAL PARAGRAPH Topic Sentence: Specific Support: Specific Support: Children attempt to imitate what they see. They dress like their parents. My daughter imitated a tantrum a visiting child threw. CONCLUSION Reworded Thesis: Clincher Children are funny creatures to watch. A reminder of the motivator which states that children have a lot of learning and adjusting to do. ) 6 IV. Writing the One Paragraph Essay A PARAGRAPH is a group of sentences that are combined to make a point. Sentences must be tied together in a relationship that gives meaning to the whole. Every ONE-PARAGRAPH ESSAY must contain three main parts: –main idea (topic sentence) –support for the main idea –closing that feels like an ending MAIN IDEA can be proved is worth discussing A MAIN IDEA must have a topic and offer an opinion about the topic. It must be provable, maybe in more than one way.It must be something worth discussing. TOPIC My first grade teacher OPINION influenced my career choice. A sentence that states only a subject, or topic, cannot be a main idea. WITHOUT AN OPINIONATED STATEMENT, there is nothing to PROVE OR ARGUE, nothing worth discu ssing. NOT A MAIN IDEA My first grade teacher was old. A MAIN IDEA without a TOPIC and an OPINION makes a poor foundation for an ESSAY. 7 A NOTE ON PERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL WRITING Some main ideas and some essays are about people and events in our own lives. They are derived from the writer's personal experiences.The writer is prominently featured in this kind of writing. PERSONAL MAIN IDEA-â€Å"My first grade teacher influenced my career choice. † Other MAIN IDEAS do not deal directly with the writer. They are about people, things, and ideas that the writer is thinking about, but they have not necessarily been experienced by the writer personally. IMPERSONAL MAIN IDEA -â€Å"Cold weather was the cause of the Challenger disaster. † SUPPORTING THE MAIN IDEA The main idea states what the writer believes to be true. Once the writer has stated a main idea, he or she must prove that the main idea is plausible. This is done with SUPPORTING IDEAS.Without supporting ideas, the re is no paragraph; there is only a statement of the writer's view or merely his or her opinion. SUPPORTING EVIDENCE can be of many types, including any or all of the following: physical descriptions stories (narrative) examples comparisons discussion or analysis of cause and effect discussion or analysis of a process definitions division of a group into smaller ones statistical evidence quotations from authorities logical and reasonable arguments THE CLOSING OR CONCLUSION Every one-paragraph essay has an effective closing, something that makes the reader feel that the writer is finished.It might be one of the following: –a summary or restatement of the main idea –a conclusion that can be drawn from the proof stated –the repetition of a key phrase from the beginning of the work –a particularly effective supporting detail that feels like an ending 8 V. Writing a Good Three Point Thesis A thesis is: 1. The basic stand you take. 2. Your opinion on a subject. 3. The point you make. 4. The controlling idea. 5. The directing statement of your paper. PERSUADE THE READER THAT YOUR THESIS IS VALID. GENERAL SUBJECT: Education LIMITED SUBJECT: Professor XTHESIS STATEMENT: Professor X is an incompetent teacher. (Your purpose is to back up the statement, to persuade the reader). A THESIS IS NOT A TITLE. OR AN ANNOUNCEMENT. TITLE: The Fad of Divorce THESIS STATEMENT: Too many people get divorced for trivial reasons. ANNOUNCEMENT: My subject is the incompetence of Professor X. THESIS STATEMENT: Professor X is an incompetent teacher. A THESIS IS NOT A STATEMENT OF ABSOLUTE FACT. A good thesis is restricted. A thesis limits or restricts your subject. A thesis keeps the paper from wandering over too great a territory.The more restricted the thesis, the better the chances are for supporting it fully. A GOOD THESIS IS UNIFIED. It expresses ONE MAJOR IDEA about its subject. A good thesis may sometimes include a secondary idea if it is strictly subordina ted to the major one, but without that subordination the writer will have too many ideas to handle. A GOOD THESIS IS SPECIFIC. A GOOD THREE POINT THESIS STATEMENT: Professor X is an incompetent teacher because he grades unfairly, gives tests on materials not covered in his courses, and enjoys threatening students with failing grades. 9 VI. Writing a Good Conclusion ? ? ? ? The conclusion brings the essay to completion and gives the reader a sense of closure. The conclusion is memorable – the writer saves something interesting for the end. The conclusion reminds readers of the thesis or restates it in different words. The conclusion provides a brief but well-worded analysis of the point of the paper. The conclusion ends with a distinctive sentence: it may be a short sentence; it may be an especially well-worded or thoughtful sentence; it may be an image that stays with the readers. Concluding Strategies: End by reflecting on the importance or implications of your thesis.End wi th a call to action. James Baldwin calls for an end to the injustices of racism in his conclusion to Notes of a Native Son: â€Å"One must never, in one's own life, accept these injustices as commonplace but must fight them with all one's strength. † (102) End with a hook. Refer back to an idea, image, or question with which you began your essay. This gives your readers a satisfying sense of closure like a circle coming round. If, for example, you start an essay with a brief story about your mother’s kindness, you can refer back to her kindness in your conclusion.Brian Courtney uses a hook from his title â€Å"Freedom from Choice† when he uses the word â€Å"choose† twice in his conclusion. End with a vivid image or picture that reinforces your thesis and helps readers feel what you mean. End with a quotation that reinforces your thesis in a memorable way. End with a question that leaves readers pondering the significance of your essay. In her essay †Å"Television and Free Time,† Marie Winn argues that television programs what a child experiences. Her last sentence is, â€Å"When, then, is he going to live his real life? † (Winn 155) End by offering a solution to a problem your essay concerns.End by striking a note of reasonable hope that a problem or an issue will get better. End with a prediction that logically follows from your thesis and evidence. 10 Conclusions to Avoid: ? ? Avoid the one-sentence or very short conclusion. Like the one-sentence introduction, the one-sentence conclusion suggests there may be something wrong with the structure of your paper. The conclusion has a real purpose. It is the place where you should evaluate your evidence. In your conclusion you should tell your reader what the evidence means-what insights you draw from your paper.Avoid merely summarizing your paper or restating your thesis. The summary ending is a cliche that is so overused it seems amateurish. Avoid using an overused ph rase, such as â€Å"In conclusion† or â€Å"To sum up. † Try to be original. Avoid drawing attention to yourself instead of drawing attention to your point: â€Å"Now that I have reached the end of this time-consuming paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Avoid raising any new or irrelevant subjects in the conclusion. By using effective titles, introductions, and conclusions, you will engage your audience more fully-you will help them pay attention to your thesis and supporting evidence.

Choosing Destiny Essays - Hairstyles, Rachel Green, Friends

Choosing Destiny Essays - Hairstyles, Rachel Green, Friends Choosing Destiny Throughout life, one will encounter many ups, downs, highs and lows. It's quite obvious that some will handle the downs and lows better than others. These problems can range anywhere from something serious such as family conflicts, or it may be something foolish like laundry issues. Others find that their lows in life are due to the fact that they face the same daily obstacles, and tend to get annoyed with the repetition behind them. Life all of a sudden seems to have no particular meaning, and a person begins to feel worthless. Life in itself is repetitive, however a person can only take so much until they begin to need a serious modification. The concept stated above is demonstrated in A Jest of God by Margaret Laurence and The Book of Eve by Constance Beresford-Howe. In A Jest of God, Rachel is deprived of a fulfilling lifestyle mainly because of the limits she is placed under by her mother. Day in, and day out, Rachel is living a confined life and feels there is no possibility of changing it. Her sister Stacey has married and moved away and Rachel is the only support her mother has. Rachel feels obliged to provide and care for her. After her affair with Nick Kazlik, Rachel begins to have a different outlook on life and therefore decides to change it drastically. In The Book of Eve, Eve is restricted to some of life's simple things such as going out for walks. Her husband Burt is afraid of fire and resents being left alone even for short intervals. After Eva decides to leave, she experiences a whole new lifestyle. Eva now has enough time to go out for strolls, 'shop', and is still left with too much time in which to cont emplate her situation. In each novel it's evident that the protagonists are getting fed up with their lives and are taking matters into their own hands. In A Jest of God the protagonist is Rachel, a thin, tall, lanky teacher in the town of Manawaka. Rachel lives with, supports and cares for her mother despite her somewhat negative feelings towards her. Rachel's sister Stacey does not care to visit her mother, and clearly does not have any intentions of attending to her medical needs. Therefore, Rachel is left with an awfully irritating mother who criticizes and controls her life wherever, and whenever she gets the opportunity to do so. At the age of thirty-four, Rachel is unmarried and living with her mother. Her life revolves mainly around her grade one class at the school she teaches, and her wonderful mother. She doesn't exactly associate with many people except for Calla, a teacher at her school and Willard Sidley, the principal of the institution. Rachel rarely goes out except for the occasional movie with Calla. Calla frequents a local Tabernacle, and quite often invites Rachel to go along. However, she does not feel comfortable attending such a place and rarely agrees to going. Willard also invites Rachel to dinner with his wife and a friend, but Rachel doesn't necessarily appreciate their company and declines the offer. As a result of her ordinary life, Rachel begins to long for something different, particularly a husband. The person to thank for Rachel's change is Nick Klazik. He comes into her life as a wake up call! As Rachel's sexual affair with Nick becomes more intense, the reader notices a significant change in Rachel's outlook on life. Until Nick came along, she kept more to herself and thought of nothing more than living a day to day humble life. However, Nick brought out the best in her and it's clear that Rachel's ideas about her future begin to change drastically, particularly regarding children. Rachel mentions quite often her studies of babies and their mothers. Rachel will speak of a baby and automatically give reference to a book she read regarding the same topic. For the first time, Rachel feels loved and begins to consider marriage and a family. For Rachel, the only family she has is her mother. She has no sense of having something of her 'own', such as a husband and children. Nick has been the change in

Chingiz Aitmatov and Russias Reform

Chingiz Aitmatov and Russias Reform Free Online Research Papers If history was a man, his eyes would have stored countless feats of incredible sacrifice into his memory. He would have stood tirelessly to witness the sacrifices made by Jesus Christ and then thousands of years later the sacrifices made by Avdiy Kallistratov and Boston Urkunchiev. In Chingiz Aitmatov’s The Place of the Skull, these three characters never meet, but they are all caught in the same tempest of human morality. Aitmatov delivers his unique hybrid Christian and Kyrgyz message to the bereft Soviet people, utilizing the characters Boston, Jesus, and Avdiy as his vehicle, in order to expose and reform the national moral problems that were previously concealed in the post-Stalinist era. Chingiz Aitmatov was well versed in both Kyrgyz and Russian history and culture. In 1928, Aitmatov was born in Kyrgyzstan. He was raised in a large extended family, where he was educated, most notably by his grandmother, in the ways of his native Kyrgyz culture. His grandmother made him attend many local ceremonies and instilled in him the Kyrgyz’s love and respect of their land. As his grandparents gave him his education in his native cultural background, his parents gave him an education in Russian literature and culture. Aitmatov was not only bilingual, but quite learned in his own native and Russian culture. While explaining Aitmatov’s early history and success, one critic says â€Å"Chingiz Aitmatov achieved literary success in large part due to his ability to keep one foot in his own minority culture and the other in the ruling Soviet one,† (Haber 109). This fact helped to pave the way to his unique success as an author in touch with both the Russian popul ace’s moral failings and his own native land’s dilemmas. Aitmatov attempts to coincide with one of Gorbachev’s Perestroika reforms; a movement in the direction of capitalization. Boston Urkunchiev, a man who appears as the main character in the last third of the story, is the voice of this movement. His very name, the name of an American city, implies capitalism. Boston is envied by the local shepherds, especially Bazarbai Noigutov, for his productive farm and his voice in the local party. Good luck was not the key to his success, however, as he is the hardest of the workers on the state farm and produces the most to turn over to the government. All of the local workers, though assigned by the government, want to work on his farm. Boston and his workers produce the most and receive bonus pay, setting them apart yet again. Boston believes vaguely in capitalism and thought that man should reap the rewards of his labor. When discussing this issue with a friend he asks, â€Å"What sort of guest is going to break his back on someone else’s land?† (254). He attempts to claim the land for himself and his team so that work would be more efficient and more productive. He is met with cold opposition in the form of the Party Organizer Kochorbayev, who tells him that the claim is counter-intuitive to socialism and that the land belongs to the state and not the individual. While attempting to circumvent this man and the ideals he represents, Boston meets with the Director Ibraim Chotbaevich, an old friend. He tells him of the problems he has faced and of his plan to remedy the situation, but the director remains passive. The director has tried to make a change before, but doesn’t want to â€Å"stick my neck out again: I’ve learnt my lesson,† (254), a theme that all three of Aitm atov’s heroes face. Boston’s capitalist ideas clash with authorities, but as he practices the notion of more work more pay in his own life, his farm excels. His affinity for capitalism is not the only difference he shares with the shepherds around him. In Boston Aitmatov created not only a voice to broach capitalistic ideals, but a moral pillar as well. Boston’s opposite and nemesis, Bazarbai, is representative of the ethics Aitmatov attempts to dissolve. In his greed Bazarbai takes advantage of inexperienced visitors for easy money, robs a she-wolf’s lair, and beats his wife. These problems all stem from his alcoholism. He takes the naà ¯ve visitors’ money and steals the she-wolf’s cubs in order to fund his addiction. That leads him to beat his wife when she complains of his failings, which are themselves spawned by his laziness and alcohol abuse. Aitmatov does not only highlight the problem, but also produces the solution. Boston represents the answer to the problems plaguing Bazarbai and the people of many other Soviet nations. He does not drink, the reason never being explicitly cited, but assumed that the trappings of alcohol are counter productive and a gateway to moral problems. Boston never abused wither of his wives, but instead communicated and respected her. He attempted to recover the cubs from Bazarbai in order to appease the spirit of the restless wolves. This nature respecting motif is one that ties back to Aitmatov’s own history in the Kyrgyz culture taught to him by his grandparents. These themes of morality and love of nature are expressed in Aitmatov’s other characters, though in different degrees. Aitmatov expresses his Christian beliefs in his rendition of the conversation between Pilate and Jesus, before He went to Golgotha. During this conversation, Jesus tells Pilate that God’s greatest gift to man is the power of reason. With this gift, He tells Pilate, we should use our â€Å"will to live according to our understanding,† (141). He explains that with this understanding we exist to spiritually improve and to strive for perfection. Only through the struggle to reach the pinnacle of humanity do we find purpose. To reach Heaven, we must succeed on Judgment Day, which is not years in the future, but now, every day. In order to reach the Kingdom of Heaven, men must work each day according to their reason. The achievement of this goal relies on mankind himself. Pilate does not believe that man could be responsible for this and in disbelief says â€Å"If men could, by an act of will, bring closer or put off such an event, why then, they would be like gods,† to which Jesus agrees (142). Aitmatov says that man’s greatest quality, produced from the gift of reason, is akin to God’s greatest quality, which is forgiveness. In this way, men are like God. The most similar divine quality that man shares with God, forgiveness, is the key to moving forward towards the perfection of existence. If man can but forgive himself and release the past, he may progress to perfection and the Kingdom of Heaven. Man needs but recognize this and reconcile what faults he possesses. Recognition and realization are where Aitmatov places himself in this scheme. The Place of the Skull is his instrument of recognition, a medium where he may identify the ills of society and aid in their remedy. In the story itself, there is a character that, inspired by Jesus’ message, mirrors Aitmatov’s own role and uncovers the problems facing Russian society. Avdiy Kallistratov is a character who more clearly echoes Aitmatov’s own view on Christianity and the Kyrgyz belief system. Avdiy attended a seminary but was excommunicated due to his attempted reformation of Christian dogma. Avdiy disregarded the traditional view of God and adopted the idea of a contemporary God. In this theory he is â€Å"offering the human spirit liberation in the knowledge of God as the highest essence of it own being,† a view that contrasted greatly with that of his opponent and representative of the Church, Co-Ordinator Father Dimitry (71). For this view he was to be removed from the Church. Avdiy’s own vision of God parallels what Jesus preached in his conversation with Pilate, as this scene occurred during Avdiy’s pain-induced hallucination. The contemporary God theory is not the only characteristic that Avdiy shares with Jesus. Avdiy and Jesus share both qualities of physicality and, more importantly, moral qualities that aid in the improvement of humanity. Two distinct physical traits they share are shoulder length hair and high foreheads. Just before Avdiy departs on the anasha collection, he takes work as a carpenter for a farmer. Apart from these simple similarities, the two share qualities of love and forgiveness. Ordained from God, Jesus sets out to reform the people and bring them closer to God. Avdiy forges a similar destiny for himself. When he leaves the Church, he knows he must spread Christ’s love in his own way. He attaches himself to the infamous drug smuggling ring because he know that there are youths their who were in desperate need of his message. Of the small group Avdiy he joins, he targets the sadly young and impressionable boy Lyonka. This boy was drawn by desperation to the drug running and Avdiy attempts the extract him from this life. He tells Lyonka and the other boy that he has come to save them and to prompt them to start â€Å"repenting before God and our fellow man,† to no avail (96). He encounters Grishan, the leader of the boy-smugglers. Just as Pilate offers Jesus a way out if just He relents, Grishan makes Avdiy the same offer. Both decline and refuse to betray the messages that they believed they were born to deliver. However, the situation end badly for Avdiy and he loses his opportunity to reform the smugglers. But this is not his last chance. In Avdiy’s next opportunity to deliver God’s word to a desperate group of miscreants, Aitmatov combines his Kyrgyz and Christian moral beliefs. Avdiy joins ‘Ober’ Kandalov and his company on an expedition to the mountains. Promised work and distraction from a depressing matter, Avdiy readily agrees. He soon discovers that the work entail the horrific slaughter of the saigak, a mountain antelope. He is appalled by the massacring and demands that they stop. He implored the men committing the killings to end their destruction and turn to God, begging for forgiveness. He was met with the same resistance the drug smugglers had dealt him. He received a beating and was thrown, hands and feet bound, onto the carcasses of the antelope he had tried to protect. In this episode, Aitmatov combines all of the problems, barring capitalism, that his story addresses. In the fashion of the Kyrgyz he cries out against the slaughter of the antelope and in the Christian manner he preaches repentance and forgiveness to the killers. Not only are both of his messages denied, but he is mock-crucified to imitate Jesus, with whom the killers associate Avdiy. Even more, the men who punish Avdiy do so under the influence of alcohol, yet another aspect of Aitmatov’s reform. The power and prestige of the government obstructs, directly and indirectly, all three of Aitmatov’s characters in their mission to restructure the world around them. Avdiy’s journalistic report concerning the underworld of anasha smuggling is not released. While he sees the exposure of the drug world as the first step in combating it, the paper he works for does not release its content to the public. The head of the paper, turning an ashamed cheek, fears that the critical content would invite the wrath of the government upon their heads. They fail to see that the publishing and the positive social effects it would have goes beyond their sake. They only think of themselves. Boston goes to the director of the farms, Ibraim Chotbaevich, to seek the land and reform he deems necessary for efficiency. Head lowered in shame, the director tell him that he had been punished already for attempting a change and would not risk another punishment. To this Boston replies â€Å"That ’s just it, every man thinks of himself first and foremost,† (254). The message of God’s love and justice is thwarted by the Jewish hegemony and the ruling Roman power. Pilate, though sympathetic to Jesus’ words, cannot release Him and lose face. Power and the image it protects will always oppose criticism. Aitmatov’s own Place of the Skull, though released in 1986 during the Glasnost, was cause for political unease because of its content and purpose. One critic questions the openness of this era and reports that the Glasnost â€Å"was a political tool different from freedom of the press and that Gorbachev preached reform but betrayed liberal principals when they came into conflict with his political agenda† (Becker 200). This is what the Characters in Aitmatov’s story went up against. The leaders abandon their principals in order to maintain positive public status and to retain and cultivate power. Aitmatov himself receives criticism concerning his message and its effectiveness. Many critics claim that he was simply in the right place at the right time, meaning the Glasnost’s diversity faà §ade was in need of a poster boy. Chingiz Aitmatov’s success in relating to Russians while maintaining the connection he had with this native culture was rare. Gorbachev was in dire need of someone to glue together some of the nations within the Soviet Union, and Aitmatov fit the bill. Despite this criticism, Chingiz Aitmatov persevered. His intention to expose and morally reform Russia did not go unnoticed. The blending of his native Kyrgyz culture and the Biblical references were effective in reaching into the hearts of some of the Russian people. Nina Kolesnikoff was impressed with the Biblical and Kyrgyz references and said that they were crucial in â€Å"Revealing the deeper meaning of present events and directing the reader’s attention to universal questions concerning the human condition and the purpose of life,† (Kolesnikoff 91-92). Regardless of his critics’ opinions either way, Aitmatov achieved at least part of his goal. The story of the anasha drug runners was implemental to the author’s goals of recognition and reformation. Though the idea that Aitmatov helped morally guide the people to a better understanding of God and existence is disputable, the fact that his story made an impact on Russian lives is not. This is an article explaining the police and crime reports during the Glasnost under Gorbachev’s rule. It details the drug epidemic and the effect that Chingiz Aitmatov’s attention has on this problem: The glasnost’ brought with it greater public preparedness to report crimes, which further increased the statistics. Perhaps the best case study is of drug abuse and drugs-related crime, given that the official figures for drug addiction had actually been falling, from 2700 registered addicts in 1980 to 2400 in 1984. Yet glasnost’, and in particular such keynote cultural events as the publication of Chingiz Aitmatov’s novel Plakha (The Place of the Skull) in 1986, led to their dramatic rise. By 1987 officials admitted to 123 000 drug abusers, including 46000 registered addicts; next year the figures were 131 000 and 50000, respectively; by 1990 they were 1 500 000 and 60,000, with an annual 25000-30000 drugs-related crimes. In part this increase reflected a genuine growth in the use of drugs, yet to a large extent it was a result both of greater official candour and, in the light of the new discussion of the issues, a new preparedness by addicts and users to regis ter and seek help. But the population at large only really noticed the headline figures, especially since one product of the decades of censorship and mendacity was media lacking the experience and often the will to cover such taboo topics without sensationalism. (Galeotti 775) Though Chingiz Aitmatov received criticism from all sides, he was still a major figure in Gorbachev’s Glasnost. His recognition and highlighting of taboo subjects like capitalism, drugs, and alcohol were both effective and prudent for the reformation of the Russian nation. The increase in drug reports are evidence of the impact that he made in the countries social understanding. With his unique cultural background mixed with his understanding of the Russian nation, Aitmatov began the reshaping of morality and understanding. In humanity’s journey towards its perfect existence in the Kingdom of Justice, he identified the moral dilemmas and supplied the reconciliatory remedy, establishing the first steps towards it achievement. Work Cited Aitmatov, Chingiz. The Place of the Skull. New York: Grove Press, 1989. Becker, Jonathan. â€Å"Author Review.† Rev. of Glasnost: The Soviet Media in the First Phase of Perestroika, by Joseph Gibbs. Slavic ReviewVol. 60, No. 1 (Spring, 2001), 199-200. Galeotti, Mark. â€Å"Perestroika, Perestrelka, Pereborka: Policing Russia in a Time of Change.† Europe-Asia Studies > Vol. 45, No. 5 (1993): 769-786. Haber, Erika. The Myth of the Non-Russian. New York: Lexington Books, 2003. Kolesnikoff, Nina. Myth in the Works of Chingiz Aitmatov. New York: University Press, 1999. Research Papers on Chingiz Aitmatov and Russia's ReformAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to AfricaTwilight of the UAWQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is Art

Verizon Strategic Analysis Essay Example

Verizon Strategic Analysis Essay Example Verizon Strategic Analysis Paper Verizon Strategic Analysis Paper Verizon Mission Statement With the use of pro-formal balance and income statements, detailed ratio analysis and industry trend tracking we hope o increase share holder wealth while expanding our market share and bringing innovative new products to the consumer. B. Existing Mission Our Nilsson at Verizon Is simple, to be the best and only choice for consumer telecommunication needs. C. Existing Objectives Big changes are happening in the way people communicate, as innovative technologies reshape consumer behavior around convenience, ease of use and instant gratification. With wireless phones, e-mail, instant messaging and the Internet, customers have a range of choices for connecting to people and information. The changes in technology are affecting more than Just phone calls and ext messages. For example, you no longer have to Walt days to mail pictures of your vacation to friends and family you can now share your experiences Immediately using a camera phone or a broadband computer connection. The twin phenomena of increased mobility and broadband availability are restructuring industries and transforming our society. Nearly two-thirds of all American homes now subscribe to both wireless and hireling services, and wireless calls now outnumber calls from traditional hireling telephones. As a measure of the popularity of camera phones, Verizon Wireless customers sent or received more than 30 million stricture messages in just the last three months of 2004. Finally, online usage has grown significantly in the last few years, as 70 percent of U. S. Households now have access to the Internet, and over one-third of those homes are served with a broadband connection. As Americas broadband appetite increases, so too will the sophistication of a new generation of digital devices. Soon, the ability to communicate will be embedded in most electronic devices and will become an essential part of major home appliances. To meet these escalating demands for communication, Verizons new wireless and fleer broadband technologies have the o provoke our customers Walt all ten Downtown n teeny wall need Tort years to come. As new high-capacity applications continue to become an integral part of our daily lives, Verizons premier communications services will deliver the speed, mobility and control our customers need to stay connected. By providing these services, we enable our customers to enjoy the rich communications experiences made possible by converging technologies. D. Existing Strategies Revenue Growth Our emphasis is on revenue transformation, devoting more resources from traditional services, where we have been experiencing access line shoes, to the higher growth markets such as wireless, hireling broadband, including digital subscriber lines (DSL) and fiber optics to the home (Verizons Bios product), long distance and other data services as well as expanded services to enterprise markets. In 2004, revenues from these growth areas increased by 20% compared to 2003 and represent 53% of our total revenues, up from 47% of total revenues in 2003 and 43% in 2002. Verizon reported consolidated revenue growth of 5. 7% in 2004 compared to 2003, led by 23. 0% higher revenue at Domestic Wireless and 7. 4% total data revenue growth at Domestic Telecoms. Verizon added 6,294,000 wireless customers, 1,240,000 DSL lines, 2,337,000 long distance lines and more than 750 Enterprise Advance sales in 2004, meeting its revenue objective of $250 million. Operational Efficiency While focusing resources on growth markets, we are continually challenging our management team to lower expenses, particularly through technology-assisted productivity improvements. The effect of these and other efforts, such as the 2003 labor agreements and voluntary separation plans, has been to significantly change the companys cost structure. At December 31 , 2002, Verizon had 226,000 employees compared to 202,000 at December 31 , 2003. Domestic Telecoms salary and benefits expenses declined by approximately $1 billion in 2004 compared to 2003 as a result of the voluntary separation plans. Workforce levels in 2004 increased to 210,000, driven by wireless and hireling broadband growth markets. Capital Allocation Verizons capital spending continues to be directed toward growth markets. High-speed wireless data (EVADE), replacement of copper access lines with fiber optics to the home, as well as voice over the Internet (Poi) and expanded services to enterprise markets are examples of areas of capital pending in support of these growth markets. In 2004, approximately $900 million of capital spending at Domestic Telecoms was reallocated from traditional products to growth products. Cash Flow Generation The financial statements reflect the emphasis of management on not only directing resources to growth markets, but also using cash provided by our operating and investing activities for the repayment of debt in addition to providing a stable dividend to our shareowner. At December 31 , 2004, Verizons total debt was $39,267 million, a decrease of $6,113 million from $45380 million at December 31, 2003. Recommended Mission and Vision Statement Verizon Communications Inc. NYSE:VS.), a DOD 30 company, is a leader in delivering broadband and other wire line and wireless communication innovations to mass market, business, government and wholesale customers. At Verizon innovation and being on the forefront of technological advancements insures Verizon Wireless operates Americas most reload wheelers network. Verizon Business operates one AT the most expansive, wholly-owned, global IP networks. Verizon Telecoms is deploying the nations most advanced fiber-optic network to deliver the benefits of converged ammunitions, information and entertainment services to customers. Based in New York, Verizon has a diverse workforce of more than 252,000 highly trained and dedicated employees. The Verizon commitment is to put our customers first by providing excellent service and great communications experiences. This is what we do and this is why we exist. By focusing on our customers and being a responsible member of our communities, we produce a solid return for our shareowner, create meaningful work for ourselves and provide something of lasting value for society. As a result, Verizon is recognized as a great company. In order to keep this commitment, we always honor our core values. Integrity is at the heart of everything we do. We are honest, ethical and upfront because trust is at the foundation of our relationships with our customers, our communities, our stakeholders and each other. We know it is critical that we respect everyone at every level of our business. We champion diversity, embrace individuality and listen carefully when others speak. We hold ourselves to a very high standard of performance. We prize innovative ideas and the teamwork it takes to make them realities.

Answer questions thoroughly from website Research Paper

Answer questions thoroughly from website - Research Paper Example In a society where ample food is being produced, most of it gets imported and the remaining is sold with high profits to the locals and the people who cannot afford it are deprived of the food. g) Efficiency in the allocation of resources is affected by price control. Prices force people to share, knowingly as well as unknowingly. If there is a shortage of a resource and its demand is increasing, by increasing the price the resource can be allocated to more people and the allocated resources can be shared by many. 6. After rent control laws are passed, resources like bricks and pipes etc used in construction of houses are allocated as such that the better quality material goes to the luxury housing building scheme as they can afford to pay more profit on the goods. 8. When a government program produces counterproductive results it is usually a result of the irrationality of the organization as they should have foreseen all the possible outcomes of the program and prepared accordingly 10. Costs are generally taken to be the money we pay for things, when in fact; it actually is an inevitable opportunity to utilize our resources in terms of trade and exchange. So in a primitive society where goods and services are not charged, cost still exists. 11. Adam Smith’s contrasting opinions on capitalists and capitalism are deeply related to social causation and intentional causation as systemic causation is quite common and takes place through a process whereas intentional causation is spontaneous. 12. When the Soviet Union was in command, its industries used more fuel and resources than America yet their output was less. Russia produces a large amount of oil yet the oil is not used in the production of goods. 13. The price of baseball bats can be affected by the demand of paper following a general principal that if a producer is willing to pay a

Rebuilding Community Using positive Psychology Essay

Rebuilding Community Using positive Psychology - Essay Example One is left wondering how such a humanitarian and natural catastrophe could conspire to create a living hell, with flooding that stretched beyond 90,000 square miles and creating a human displacement of 400,000 people. Hundreds of thousands of residents lost jobs. In a nutshell the happening of the disaster teared apart the social fabric as ruthless as the physical infrastructure. In reality this is a spiritual dent that is firmly embedded and forever shall ring on the minds of the masses and transcending beyond various manmade stratums in life. Yet this agonizing aftereffect leaves an awkward experience to the urban planners, Policymakers. According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, the analogy here is that the current state of living in Katrina at the bottom of Maslow's law of hierarchy of needs. Thus the superdome city has become an abyss of suffering, desperation and despair. The worst tragedy is the mayhem created by hoodlums who crept out from their dark hiding places to their new freedom of looting and raping the helpless vulnerable Katrina Survivors and ignorantly exposing the dark belly of New Orleans. William C Compton (2001) It is now evident that Environmental catastrophes unfold in different shapes and sizes that cannot be contained by human ingenuity; this can be quantified with the concurrent striking of tsunami in Katrina, Indonesia, Kobe Japan among many places. Therefore rebuilding Katrina to its former, and better stature goes beyond brick and mortar. Posttraumatic syndromes need a specialized approach in combating the menace. Kolk's classic article, "The Body Keeps the Score," Harvard Review of Psychiatry, Jan-Feb 1994, 253-65). Reports that Trauma alters limbic system structures (involved in various emotions such as aggression, fear, pleasure, and also in the formation of memory) in ways that are not easily corrected through talk or self-reflection. This calls for probing of highly sophisticated positive psychiatry modalities that have the ability to rapidly counter maladaptive hyperarousal in the limbic system. This abolishes the preconceived illusion that is rides on the notions that outlive s the materialistic view of food; medical treatment and shelter as the only requirements needed by refugees of Hurricane Katrina. Energy Psychology Therapy With limited psychiatry centers, it is therefore a collective responsibility for clinical psychiatrist's from myriad backgrounds and the community at large to integrate Energy psychology, a discipline that utilizes cognitive interventions, combined with methods derived from acupuncture, acupressure, and related systems. - In treating emotional and behavioral problems. Historical records indicate that the approach has had a remarkable achievement as post trauma psychological intervention in the wake of natural and human disasters in the Congo, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Mexico, Moldavia, Nairobi, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, and Thailand and probably it will bring optimistic changes upon the Katrina's. Energy psychology is an approach to psychotherapy and emotional self-management that uses the stimulation of "energy points" on the skin for the purpose of changing specific emotional response patterns (Gallo.F.P 2004). Stress Debriefing and Cognitive Behavior This approach was founded and

Grey Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Grey Intelligence - Essay Example This has forced the government of the United States of America to use unconventional styles to counter terrorism. Intelligence had been converted into a private service. Private companies are playing a prominent role in the interrogation of prisoners besides sending intelligence signals1. It is now official that 70 per cent of United States budget on intelligence services goes to these private companies. The government of United States has heavily invested in paramilitary forces posing the question of reliability and the threat of leakage of government secrets. The concept of grey intelligence or privatization of intelligence has introduced the fears of conflict of interest between the private sector and intelligence agencies2. The United States senate encouraged the relationship between private sector and intelligence community three years after the September 2001 terrorist attack. The contractors outnumber the employees of United States government in Pakistan. The private companies are now involved in water boarding the war crimes detainees using the CIA facilities. The private intelligence companies seem to be allowed to use lethal force in some environments3. Questions have been raised over the use of the United States Special Forces in the paramilitary forces. Many people are increasingly viewing privatization of intelligence as a strategy to use force without an accountability framework. In the military terms, the term intelligence refers to the analytical product of private companies or intelligence agencies. The activities of these private companies are said to be reinforced by covert operations. The use of outsourced or privatized intelligence has spread the use of terrorists surveillance program (TSP). The program enables these companies to intercept electronic messages including phone calls. It is clear that the contractors are involved in water boarding the Al Qaeda detainees. The yielding of

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

History - Essay Example a).When were these documents written? Who were the authors and who were the intended audience? The first document that is being explored in this study involves a documentary history of the United States which was written in the year 1952 by Richard. D. Heffner and was published by the New American Library London in the city of New York City. The intended audience for this document entails all the intelligent leaders including those people who may want to learn about the history of the United States. On the other hand, is document concerning the â€Å"Great Issue in American History† and was written in the year 1958 by Richard Hofstadter, the ,third edition for this document was later released in the year 1976. This document was published by Alfred.A.Knot.F.Inc and Random House, Inc. Whereby, the authors intended audiences are mostly the undergraduates’ student who may have interest to use this document and connect it with other sources for better understanding of the Am erican history. b). Why were the documents written -- what did each author want to accomplish by writing this document? What kind of a mindset did the author bring to his/her subject? The two documents were written to explain to the audience about the issues and events that were taking place during this period in that American History. Whereby, the author in the first document labeled as a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† wanted to accomplish the aims of providing insight to the audience social, political and economic pattern in the United States by combining varicose events that were taking place during this period. The author has discussed two issues namely. The veto powers of the bank and the liberty across the United States during this period. The author of the second document labeled as â€Å"Great Issue in American History† was aiming to provide an insight of the major controversies ranging from political social and economic controversies that were taking place America during this period. Therefore, based on the two documents, it can be observed that the authors wanted to place some mind sets to the audience that, during 1776 to 1861 the government had neglected the interest of its majority citizens by giving too much social and economic powers to the foreigners and the rich people. In addition, the authors had tried to indicate the cause of a long term developed conflict between the southern and northern regions (Richard, pp.296-300). c). what do the document reveal about what was happening in the society in which it was produced? What events were taking place to which the document refers, either directly or indirectly? The first document involves a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† by Richard .D. Heffner written in the year 1952.This source provides an insight of American social, political and economic events that were taking place from 1976 to1861.Whereby, argument made by various major actors such as; judges, private individual, legislative bodies to mention just but a few. The emphasis on this document has been placed on two major issues namely; Veto of the bank renewal bill of 1982 and the Liberty or Union. The writer has criticized the Veto power of the bank and the government because the ownership and stock purchases have been monopolized. Whereby, the congress posses all the powers to create 28 million stocks while at the same time incorporating the powers to sell those stocks. For example, almost half of the stocks have been

The Science of Muddling Through , Decision Making Essay - 1

The Science of Muddling Through , Decision Making - Essay Example Root methodology in decision making involves administrators who are mandated to define objectives from the aspects which are viewed as most important to the least important. In rational decision making approach, the desired outcomes are prioritized by the administrator so that the most desirable alternatives of reaching the outcomes are implemented. In root decision making it is the role of the administrator to decide on what is considered to be the best alternative or approach of solving a problem (Stillman 224). Incrementalism or branch decision making on the other hand has a specific objective which is subject to amendment depending on the situation at hand. In branch decision making methodology, the administrator makes use of a wide range of alternatives which would possibly help in providing a solution but he or she does not astray from procedures which have been proved through experience or history as most appropriate (Sutcliffe and Gerry 485). Root decision making approach is advantageous because it focuses on the desired results or outcomes which a specific alternative in decision making would attain (Stillman 220). However, this approach to decision making has been criticized because it consumes a lot of time. Moreover, the possibility of failure is high because the administrator may choose the least appropriate alternative of reaching a solution. This is because of the limited number of alternatives in root methodology of decision making as compared to incrementalism. Moreover, root decision making has a disadvantage of making an assumptions that there are value in the approach which both sides agree on even though these approaches would have failed before. Moreover the root decision making approach does not allow for amendment of the objectives so that the most appropriate approach of solving a problem would be used (Sutcliffe and Gerry 490). Branch decision making

RG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RG - Essay Example I have been to many other churches in the past but this church exudes a certain level of peculiarity in terms of church practices. Upon my arrival at the church, I was met by an usherette who greeted me blissfully and guided me to my seat. The solemnity inside the church is just the same as many other churches but what you will observe is that Adventists do have this very welcoming spirit: they would smile at you and ask you of where are you from, they would enlist you in their rolls of Sabbath visitors, etc. For me, that was unusual because this is the first church that really recognized my presence to this level. Their church services are different from many other religions because the morning services are divided into two: the first half is the Sabbath School program and the second half would be the Divine Service. I was captivated by the nature of their class discussions: the church is divided into many classes and each class has its own teacher. Everyone in the class, and that i ncluded me, tackled issues on the Bible. The leader even asked for my opinion and was very open-minded about the possibility of my answers. Seventh-day Adventists are very conservative, at least based on my personal experience with the church during my visit, especially when it comes to their music. They do not use drums and electronic guitars; instead, they are only using a piano or an acoustic guitar. One person told me that they refrain from using â€Å"loud† instruments because they believe that it would shift the congregation’s attention to worldly things and they would decrease the level of solemnity of the services. I also noticed that Seventh-day Adventists do have a peculiar grooming. They do not wear earrings, necklaces, or bracelets. Majority of the members I have saw and met during that visit look very simple in their grooming. There is not much embellishment in the body; only watches and marriage rings.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

History - Essay Example a).When were these documents written? Who were the authors and who were the intended audience? The first document that is being explored in this study involves a documentary history of the United States which was written in the year 1952 by Richard. D. Heffner and was published by the New American Library London in the city of New York City. The intended audience for this document entails all the intelligent leaders including those people who may want to learn about the history of the United States. On the other hand, is document concerning the â€Å"Great Issue in American History† and was written in the year 1958 by Richard Hofstadter, the ,third edition for this document was later released in the year 1976. This document was published by Alfred.A.Knot.F.Inc and Random House, Inc. Whereby, the authors intended audiences are mostly the undergraduates’ student who may have interest to use this document and connect it with other sources for better understanding of the Am erican history. b). Why were the documents written -- what did each author want to accomplish by writing this document? What kind of a mindset did the author bring to his/her subject? The two documents were written to explain to the audience about the issues and events that were taking place during this period in that American History. Whereby, the author in the first document labeled as a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† wanted to accomplish the aims of providing insight to the audience social, political and economic pattern in the United States by combining varicose events that were taking place during this period. The author has discussed two issues namely. The veto powers of the bank and the liberty across the United States during this period. The author of the second document labeled as â€Å"Great Issue in American History† was aiming to provide an insight of the major controversies ranging from political social and economic controversies that were taking place America during this period. Therefore, based on the two documents, it can be observed that the authors wanted to place some mind sets to the audience that, during 1776 to 1861 the government had neglected the interest of its majority citizens by giving too much social and economic powers to the foreigners and the rich people. In addition, the authors had tried to indicate the cause of a long term developed conflict between the southern and northern regions (Richard, pp.296-300). c). what do the document reveal about what was happening in the society in which it was produced? What events were taking place to which the document refers, either directly or indirectly? The first document involves a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† by Richard .D. Heffner written in the year 1952.This source provides an insight of American social, political and economic events that were taking place from 1976 to1861.Whereby, argument made by various major actors such as; judges, private individual, legislative bodies to mention just but a few. The emphasis on this document has been placed on two major issues namely; Veto of the bank renewal bill of 1982 and the Liberty or Union. The writer has criticized the Veto power of the bank and the government because the ownership and stock purchases have been monopolized. Whereby, the congress posses all the powers to create 28 million stocks while at the same time incorporating the powers to sell those stocks. For example, almost half of the stocks have been

RG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RG - Essay Example I have been to many other churches in the past but this church exudes a certain level of peculiarity in terms of church practices. Upon my arrival at the church, I was met by an usherette who greeted me blissfully and guided me to my seat. The solemnity inside the church is just the same as many other churches but what you will observe is that Adventists do have this very welcoming spirit: they would smile at you and ask you of where are you from, they would enlist you in their rolls of Sabbath visitors, etc. For me, that was unusual because this is the first church that really recognized my presence to this level. Their church services are different from many other religions because the morning services are divided into two: the first half is the Sabbath School program and the second half would be the Divine Service. I was captivated by the nature of their class discussions: the church is divided into many classes and each class has its own teacher. Everyone in the class, and that i ncluded me, tackled issues on the Bible. The leader even asked for my opinion and was very open-minded about the possibility of my answers. Seventh-day Adventists are very conservative, at least based on my personal experience with the church during my visit, especially when it comes to their music. They do not use drums and electronic guitars; instead, they are only using a piano or an acoustic guitar. One person told me that they refrain from using â€Å"loud† instruments because they believe that it would shift the congregation’s attention to worldly things and they would decrease the level of solemnity of the services. I also noticed that Seventh-day Adventists do have a peculiar grooming. They do not wear earrings, necklaces, or bracelets. Majority of the members I have saw and met during that visit look very simple in their grooming. There is not much embellishment in the body; only watches and marriage rings.

Study Habits Essay Example for Free

Study Habits Essay Introduction Each student has unique way of studying. They differ individually in academic performances and study habits. The efficiency of the students at this stage depend upon his/her study and how well his/her lessons. The effectiveness of the intellectual ability of a student is assessed by its ability to perform and respond in lectures, assignments and scores in examination. The values on attitude and the well-planned efforts to maintain good grades and most importantly develops a positive value which is the sense of responsibility. Different techniques applied by students on their study habits. Some manifested focused on their studies and others portray a happy go-lucky style which means a poor study habits. A person with a goal in life inspite of hindrances experienced, aspire or aim high to cope with challenges along the way.(Legaspi 2010) It is generally agreed that healthy family atmosphere and satisfactory parent- child relationship are essential for the good performance of every student. Study habit plays an important role in the academic status of a student. To accomplish such an objective, it is necessary that student should have effective and enjoyable use of leisure time where discipline comes in. Because of technological advances, there are many temptations to destruct the students and it is through this that they can counteract the growing dependency passive forms of recreations such as computer, cell phones, and TV. These can cause damage to students because they became lazy. This system should also be discouraged for they can cause mental block. The teacher exercises considerable influences of the students development of 2 attitude, mental hygiene and deals of behavior. This particular attitude displayed by a teacher from the student affects the latter significantly. The individual’s degree of intelligence or of intelligent behavior is his/her degree of ability of attention, relentive and recall, inductive and deductive reasoning and generalization as there respond to the learning process.(Legaspi 2010) Study habits of Second Year students of Saint Michael College of Caraga is very interesting topic because it will help most of the students to adopt the good method of learning and studying. It also help every students to cope up with their problems encountered from their studies. It enables them to create effective and efficient ways to their studies. On the side of the Saint Michael College of Caraga, they will able to comprehend every students and rendering good teachings which creates effective and efficient teacher.

History Essays Atomic Bomb

History Essays Atomic Bomb America’s Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan The United States rightful decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a military measure calculated to speed the end of the war. The bombings were nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States. The ultimate decision made by President Harry Truman was one of the most divisive and controversial issues of the twentieth century, since he had to ask himself whether it was right to use a weapon of unspeakable destructive force. Prior to President Truman’s presidency, Franklin Roosevelt has authorized a team of the Army Corps of Engineers the task of creating an atomic bomb, and the project was headed by Major General Leslie R. Groves (Dinkins, 125). It became known as The Manhattan Project†, and was kept as a top secret was obvious reasons. After six months of intense firebombing of Japanese cities, â€Å"Little Boy†, as the bomb came to be known as, was dropped on the city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. It was followed by the detonation of the â€Å"Fat Man†, the second nuclear bomb, over Nagasaki (Hoyt, 45). Although many may argue that the bombing was unethical and immoral, from a traditionalists’ point of view, I strongly believe that it was more beneficial since it shortened the Pacific War. President Truman was looking for a way to end war as quickly and painlessly as possible for the United States; he was not looking for a way to avoid using the bomb. Winning the war decisively at the lowest cost in American casualties was the primary goal of the United States, and the bomb was presumably the best solution to accomplish the objective. He believed that â€Å"The bomb will shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans.† (Walker, 93).Furthermore,Truman’s concerns were broader. In order to explain his reasoning to satisfy the American people, he had no other alternative but to use the bomb once it became accessible. Many believed that if he had backed off from using a weapon, public confidence in his capacity to govern would be put into question, and persistently challenged as well (Hoyt, 46). As an added incentive, another reason for using the bombs was to provide diplomatic benefits by making the Soviet Union â€Å"more open to America’s wishes† (Walker, 94). Also, Truman didn’t drop the bomb initially to insult or impress the Soviets, but it was a by-product, or a â€Å"bonus† to America. All in all, his primary consideration in using the bomb immediately was not to frustrate Soviet desires in Asia, but to end the war at the earliest possible time (Lewis). Diplomatically, it would urge them to accept our positions. Hence, the growing differences with Soviet Union was just a factor that led the American officials to think about the dropping. In addition, Japan’s aggregation was another factor that led America to unleash the nuclear bombs. According to the ancient Samurai tradition, the Emperor did not intervene in political affairs since he held a God-like status and therefore, could not face disappointment (Walker, 56). Hence, the Japanese army was quite ferocious, as their utmost duty was to serve the emperor, and sacrificing ones life for it was regarded as a great honor. In the kamikaze missions led by the Japanese, the suicide bombers would risk their lives for combat, and would die in these attacks. During the battle of Okinawa, of the 117,000 Japanese soldiers stationed on the island, and only 7,000 were left alive. On April 6th alone, 355 planes participated in kamikaze missions (Lewis). All this indicated that they were not going to give up regardless. Also, U.S had offered Japan to surrender unconditionally, and the peace negotiations were also denied, which left Truman with no other open options. In conclusion, other reasons such as the violation of the Kellogg- Briand Pact due to the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and the dreadful attack on Pearl Harbor contributed to America’s decision as well. The results were received well among many Americans. It not only saved over half a million lives, but also prevented us from the bereavement of thousands of lives that would have been sacrificed. Not only military, but diplomatic, and political considerations weighed heavily in favor of the use of the bomb as well; the American leaders, too, had always assumed that it would be dropped when it became available (Walker, 96). It would speed the end to the war militarily, while it would make the Soviets accept our demands. On the contrary, delaying this vital action which would conquer us victory could have had severe consequences. Also, the bomb was used as a self-defense for America on the whole, since the Pacific war had made our home-fronts vulnerable to land invasion as well, which would have put numerous lives in danger at home. All in all, the bomb was the only way to end the suffering of the millions who were being held captive by the Japanese oppressor, and therefore, was the right decision that was made. Works Cited Dinkins, David. Why Did President Truman Drop the Atomic Bomb? 4 Oct. 2003. Hoyt, Edwin P. Japans War: the Great Pacific Conflict, 1853 to 1952. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1986. Lewis, Chris. The Impact of the Atomic Bomb on Japan. Atomic bomb on Japan 21 Oct. 2002 09 January 2008 . Walker, Samuel J. Prompt and utter destruction: Truman and the use of atomic bombs against Japan. The University of North Carolina Press, 1197.

Riverbend Telephone Company :: Case Study, solution

Riverbend Telephone Company The Riverbend Telephone Company is experiencing growth and had previously tried outsourcing some of its installation work to handle the overflow above its capacity. This was unsatisfactory, and so to accommodate the new customers, RTC needs to obtain a new maintenance truck and crew. It is considering whether leasing or buying the new truck necessary to their operations is the preferable method of investment. Question 1& 2 Without considering financing the purchase through debt, the cash costs for buying the truck for years 0- 4 are: The cash costs for leasing the truck are: The cash flows discounted by the risk-free rate of 9% allows us to compare the present values. This comparison illustrates a net advantage to buying the truck: There are not many advantages to leasing the vehicle, since Reliable does not cover the cost of maintenance or registration and taxes. They only cover the cost of tires, a minimal expense, which does not offset the cost advantages of buying the vehicle. The company does not seem concerned with their debt ratios or the threat of default. The main advantage to buying the vehicle, aside from the better price is the depreciation tax shield, which subtracts annual $1800 from the costs of ownership. There are tax advantages to leasing, as the lease payments are a tax deductible expense, but that tax savings amounts to $2,880/ year. However, this calculation is incomplete because the company needs to take on debt to finance the purchase of the car. These payments add an additional expense and cash outflow but purchasing still remains a more attractive option. The cost of the lease is still greater than the cost of debt. The NAL still favors buying over leasing by $1216. The only other consideration would be that lease may raise the earnings on asset ratio above 12%. But since the PV of the lease payments is greater than 90% of the FMV (assuming the purchase prices is FMV), then it would be considered a capital lease and the asset would go on the Balance Sheet. Therefore there are no earning over asset ratio advantages to leasing. Case Question 2 Using MACRS, the tax benefit realized in the early years, still does not significantly affect the NAL. Overall the tax benefits at the end of the five years are still equal. Case Question 3 If the truck is leased, how should Mr. Freeman report investment and annual income for the RTC to the state public service commission?

Iagos Motivation in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

Iago's Motivation in Othello      Ã‚   Iago is a "moral pyromaniac."   Harold C. Goddard writes that Iago consciously and unconsciously seeks to destroy the lives of others, especially others with high moral standards (Goddard 76).   However, Iago is more than just a "moral pyromaniac," he is a moral pyromaniac whose fire is fueled by pure hatred.   He is a hungry powermonger whose appetite for destruction can only be satisfied after he has chewed up and spat out the lives of others.   Iago lusts for power, but his sense of power is attained by manipulating and annihilating others in a cruel and unusual way.   Iago prepares and ignites his victims and then watches, with an excitable evil in his eye, as his human pyres go up in flames.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago undeniably has an unquenchable thirst for power and domination. Critics such as M. R. Ridley believe that the ability to hurt is the most convincing display of one's power   (Ridley lxi).   Iago has a deep, inbred desire to cause and view intolerable suffering.   The power of Iago is exercised when he prepares and then implements an evil plan designed to inflict man with the most extreme amounts of anguish possible.   Iago controls the play, he brilliantly determines how each character shall act and react.   He is a pressing advocate of evil, a pernicious escort, steering good people toward their own vulgar destruction.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago must first make careful preparations in order to make certain his fire of human destruction will burn with fury and rage.   He douses his victims with a false sense of honesty and goodness.   And, as do most skillful pyromaniacs, Iago first prepares his most important target, Othello:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though in the trade of war I have slain men,    Yet do I hold it very   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   stuff o'th' conscience   To do no contrived murder. I lack the iniquity.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . .   I had thought t'have yerked him under the ribs . . . . . .he prated   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms   Against your Honor   (I,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ii 1-10).    These sentences are obvious lies (to the reader), but they are crucial to the saboteur because they present Iago to Othello as a brave, loyal, and moral Iago's Motivation in Shakespeare's Othello :: Othello essays Iago's Motivation in Othello      Ã‚   Iago is a "moral pyromaniac."   Harold C. Goddard writes that Iago consciously and unconsciously seeks to destroy the lives of others, especially others with high moral standards (Goddard 76).   However, Iago is more than just a "moral pyromaniac," he is a moral pyromaniac whose fire is fueled by pure hatred.   He is a hungry powermonger whose appetite for destruction can only be satisfied after he has chewed up and spat out the lives of others.   Iago lusts for power, but his sense of power is attained by manipulating and annihilating others in a cruel and unusual way.   Iago prepares and ignites his victims and then watches, with an excitable evil in his eye, as his human pyres go up in flames.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago undeniably has an unquenchable thirst for power and domination. Critics such as M. R. Ridley believe that the ability to hurt is the most convincing display of one's power   (Ridley lxi).   Iago has a deep, inbred desire to cause and view intolerable suffering.   The power of Iago is exercised when he prepares and then implements an evil plan designed to inflict man with the most extreme amounts of anguish possible.   Iago controls the play, he brilliantly determines how each character shall act and react.   He is a pressing advocate of evil, a pernicious escort, steering good people toward their own vulgar destruction.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago must first make careful preparations in order to make certain his fire of human destruction will burn with fury and rage.   He douses his victims with a false sense of honesty and goodness.   And, as do most skillful pyromaniacs, Iago first prepares his most important target, Othello:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though in the trade of war I have slain men,    Yet do I hold it very   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   stuff o'th' conscience   To do no contrived murder. I lack the iniquity.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . .   I had thought t'have yerked him under the ribs . . . . . .he prated   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms   Against your Honor   (I,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ii 1-10).    These sentences are obvious lies (to the reader), but they are crucial to the saboteur because they present Iago to Othello as a brave, loyal, and moral